Abstract: The present disclosure relates to structured protective windows that have high transmission efficiency and can isolate light between different sections of the window. The structured protective windows are less prone to glass breakage compared to conventional protective windows that are typically used to protect and isolate light transmitting and light receiving components in LiDAR exterior automotive applications.

Abstract: A substrate includes a first surface area; and a second surface area with a second roughness value. In a height profile of the substrate along a cutting line crossing the first surface area and the second surface area, a height of the substrate along a first section of the height profile is larger than the height of the substrate along a second section of the height profile. In the height profile an absolute value of a height difference between a point of maximum height or an averaged height, respectively, of the second section and a point of minimal height or an averaged height, respectively, of the first section defines a depth value. A ratio of the depth value and the second roughness value is between 2 and 35. A marking element extends across the first surface area and the second surface area.

Abstract: A method for controlling an energy distribution introduced by at least one line focus of at least one laser beam in a substrate is performed by forming the line focus at least regionally in the substrate and influencing the laser beam with at least one phase mask to control the energy distribution in the substrate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to light isolating arrays (can also be called “light pipes” or “light pipe arrays”) that enable high transmission efficiency and isolation of light from one location, for example a lens, to another location, for example an array of photodetector diodes (each a “PD”). The light isolating arrays can provide optical isolation of the input light and can eliminate cross talk thus enhancing the resolution via increased contrast of the incoming signal. The light isolating arrays can also protect the PD's from contamination when used in outdoor devices.

Abstract: A method for producing a container includes identifying a location at a body, with the body at this location having a stress parameter which has a value less than or equal to a threshold value. The identifying includes deriving the threshold value from a simulation result of a simulation based on a finite element method of the stress parameter for a surface area and/or a volume area of the body with or without a marking element present, the identifying also includes obtaining a mean value by the simulation for the stress parameter for at least a part of at least one of the surface area or the volume area of the body. The threshold value is a sum of the mean value and 1000 % or less of an absolute value of the mean value. A marking element is provided which allows identification of the container at the identified location.

Abstract: A shielding mesh to counter scattered ionizing radiation is provided. The shielding mesh includes a plate, arrangement of depressions, a mesh of trenches, and an x-ray-absorbing material. The plate has a first side and a second side opposite the first side. The arrangement of depressions are in the plate and are open toward the second side. The mesh of trenches are in the plate and are open toward the first side. The x-ray-absorbing material is in the mesh of trenches. The mesh of trenches and arrangement of depressions are configured so that a wall of the plate remains between the arrangement of depressions and the mesh of trenches.

Abstract: A waveguide is provided for transmitting electromagnetic waves, in particular for transmitting image information, from a proximal end to a distal end, along a transport direction running between the ends and a via a cross-section running transversely to the transport direction. The waveguide has a plurality of structural elements, wherein at least two different types of structural elements have a first type with a first refractive index and a second type with a second refractive index. Each of the structural dements extends along the transport direction and over a part of the cross-section of the waveguide such that a plurality of cross-sectional regions are defined in the cross-section of the waveguide, each cross-sectional region corresponding to the cross-section of an individual structural element.

Abstract: A substrate includes a first surface area; and a second surface area with a second roughness value. In a height profile of the substrate along a cutting line crossing the first surface area and the second surface area, a height of the substrate along a first section of the height profile is larger than the height of the substrate along a second section of the height profile. In the height profile an absolute value of a height difference between a point of maximum height or an averaged height, respectively, of the second section and a point of minimal height or an averaged height, respectively, of the first section defines a depth value. A ratio of the depth value and the second roughness value is between 2 and 35. A marking element extends across the first surface area and the second surface area.

Abstract: A container for holding at least one pharmaceutical composition includes a body that includes a marking element at a location that allows identification of the container. A stress parameter of the body has a value less than or equal to a threshold value at the location. The threshold value is derived and/or derivable from a simulation result of a simulation based on a finite element method of the stress parameter for a surface area and/or a volume area of the body with or without the marking element present. A mean value is obtained or is obtainable by the simulation for the stress parameter for at least a part of the surface area and/or the volume area. The threshold value is the sum of the mean value and 1000% or less of an absolute value of the mean value.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method for discharging a hydrogen storage system, which is found in the annular space of a receiver tube, in particular for solar collectors, wherein the annular space is formed between an outer-lying tubular jacket and an inner-lying absorber tube of the receiver tube, and the outer-lying tubular jacket is connected via a wall to the absorber tube in a gas-tight manner. The method is hereby characterized in that an opening penetrating the tubular jacket or the wall is produced, free hydrogen in the annular space is pumped out through the opening, and the opening is subsequently sealed. The disclosure further describes a device for implementing the method.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method for discharging a hydrogen storage system, which is found in the annular space of a receiver tube, in particular for solar collectors, wherein the annular space is formed between an outer-lying tubular jacket and an inner-lying absorber tube of the receiver tube, and the outer-lying tubular jacket is connected via a wall to the absorber tube in a gas-tight manner. The method is hereby characterized in that an opening penetrating the tubular jacket or the wall is produced, free hydrogen in the annular space is pumped out through the opening, and the opening is subsequently sealed. The disclosure further describes a device for implementing the method.

Abstract: An absorber tube is provided that has a metal tube and a sleeve tube, which is made of glass and encloses the metal tube such that an annular space is formed between the metal tube and the sleeve tube. The annular space is evacuated and has at least one container filled with protective gas, where the container is a solder-free pressure container.

Abstract: The invention discloses an SiO2—TiO2 glass, which is preferably made by flame-hydrolysis and which distinguishes itself by increased resistance to radiation, especially in connection with EUV lithography. By purposefully reducing the hydrogen content, clearly improved resistance to radiation and reduced shrinking is achieved.

Abstract: The invention discloses an SiO2—TiO2 glass, which is preferably made by flame-hydrolysis and which distinguishes itself by increased resistance to radiation, especially in connection with EUV lithography. By purposefully reducing the hydrogen content, clearly improved resistance to radiation and reduced shrinking is achieved.