Abstract: In an injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine including a nozzle housing, a closure member disposed in a nozzle opening and connected to a nozzle needle for axially moving the closure member outwardly off its seat in the nozzle opening to open the nozzle by providing a gap to permit fuel to be discharged into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine so as to form a fuel injection cone, the nozzle seal and the closure member have seal surface areas provided with turbulence chambers for imparting turbulence to the fuel flowing through the gap in order to more finely atomize the fuel forming the fuel cone in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In a method for forming a fuel/air mixture in a direct-injection internal combustion engine with a fuel injection nozzle arranged in each cylinder, a closing member of the fuel injection nozzle is moved from a closed position to an operating position by means of a control device at different speeds until the operating stroke is reached, in order to obtain optimum combustion, and a uniform concentration of the fuel particles introduced with increased impulse into the combustion chamber is achieved providing for the formation of a swirl with a constant symmetry and uniform distribution of fuel in the swirl.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyurethane prepolymer having terminal isocyanate groups is provided wherein one or more polyisocyanates are reacted with one or more polyols and wherein at least one asymmetric diisocyanate, at least one polyol having an average molecular weight (Mn) of 60 to 3000 g/mol, and at least one carboxamide catalyst are used. The ratio of isocyanate groups to hydroxyl groups is set in the range between 1.1:1 to 4:1.

Abstract: In a method for forming a fuel/air mixture in a direct-injection internal combustion engine with a fuel injection nozzle arranged in each cylinder, a closing member of the fuel injection nozzle is moved from a closed position to an operating position by means of a control device at different speeds until the operating stroke is reached, in order to obtain optimum combustion, and a uniform concentration of the fuel particles introduced with increased impulse into the combustion chamber is achieved providing for the formation of a swirl with a constant symmetry and uniform distribution of fuel in the swirl.

Abstract: In an injection nozzle for an internal combustion engine including a nozzle housing, a closure member disposed in a nozzle opening and connected to a nozzle needle for axially moving the closure member outwardly off its seat in the nozzle opening to open the nozzle by providing a gap to permit fuel to be discharged into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine so as to form a fuel injection cone, the nozzle seal and the closure member have seal surface areas provided with turbulence chambers for imparting turbulence to the fuel flowing through the gap in order to more finely atomize the fuel forming the fuel cone in the combustion chamber.