Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for improving the efficiency and reducing the hydrocarbon exhaust emissions of combustion engines having a circulating water cooling system and a carburetor having a vacuum inlet port and a fuel inlet port and a fuel pump connected between the fuel inlet port and a fuel tank. In addition, a heat exchanger having a first tank is connected to the circulating water system to provide heat to a tube passing through the first tank and connected between the fuel tank and the fuel pump to expand the fuel in the tube. A second tank partially filled with water is in heat exchange relationship with the first tank and it has a pipe for introducing air into the water. An additional pipe is provided for connecting the unfilled part of the second tank to the vacuum inlet port of the carburetor for drawing air from the air pipe through the water when it absorbs moisture before transmission to the carburetor.

Abstract: An electromagnetic motor and generator is disclosed having a pair of solenoids wound on a cylinder, each of said solenoids comprising three separate but connected windings. A magnetizable piston is positioned for reciprocation in the cylinder and is connected to a rotatably mounted crankshaft. A commutator connected to the crankshaft and interposed in an electric circuit selectively energizes the solenoids to cause rotary motion of the crankshaft. An additional circuit means is also provided for recapturing electrical energy generated in each of the solenoids upon deenergization of the solenoid by said switch.

Abstract: In the dyeing process of fibrous materials wherein the materials are contacted with a heated aqueous dye medium, the dye removed and the dyed material rinsed, the improvement wherein the aqueous dye containing medium and preferably the dye containing rinses are sent to a treating zone maintained at a pH of at least 7 and treated with an alkali earth metal hypochlorite such as calcium hypochlorite and aluminum sulfite whereby the treated mixture settles into an upper clear aqueous phase and a bottom colored phase, residual chlorine is removed from the clear aqueous phase and the resulting clear aqueous phase passed in heat exchange relationship to the aqueous dye containing material directed to the treating zone and returning the clear, chlorine-free water to the dyeing operation.

Abstract: A water purification apparatus is disclosed having an aeration chamber for aerating unpurified water from a source. A filter chamber is provided beneath the aeration chamber containing granular media for filtering the aerated water and having spaced apart headers for introducing backwash water as well as removing filtered water for storage in a reservoir beneath the filter chamber. A float actuated valve controls the flow of filtered water from the header to the reservoir in response to the water level of aerated water in the filter chamber. A float actuated timing device is provided for controlling the introduction of backwash water to the headers for a predetermined duration in response to the frequency the reservoir has been filled and emptied of purified water.