Abstract: A transverse trough coil car has a straight-through center sill. It has a pair of truck centers. It has a set of trough slope sheet assemblies mounted to the center sill between a pair of side sills. The slope sheet assemblies include intermediate slope sheet assemblies that are pin jointed connected to the center sill. The pin joint connection has a tongue and clevis form that is aligned with the webs of the center sill. The car may have stub bolsters that are surmounted by pre-fabricated trough assemblies that mate with the stub bolsters and extend to the side sills.

Abstract: A railroad gondola car may have stake pockets in which to mount stakes to permit a greater vertical envelope to be occupied by lading. The stake pockets are collapsible from a deployed position to a storage position. The stake pockets are mounted on doublers that mount to the side walls of the car in line with the side wall stiffeners and their associated cross-bearers. The connection between the stake pocket and the doubler is deliberately made weaker than the connection between the doubler and the side wall such that under abusive loading conditions the stake pocket may tend to shear off the doubler, and may tend thereby to leave the side wall less damaged than might otherwise be the case.

Abstract: A railroad gondola car may have stake pockets in which to mount stakes to permit a greater vertical envelope to be occupied by lading. The stake pockets are collapsible from a deployed position to a storage position. The stake pockets are mounted on doublers that mount to the side walls of the car in line with the side wall stiffeners and their associated cross-bearers. The connection between the stake pocket and the doubler is deliberately made weaker than the connection between the doubler and the side wall such that under abusive loading conditions the stake pocket may tend to shear off the doubler, and may tend thereby to leave the sidewall less damaged than might otherwise be the case.

Abstract: An access element and method for controlling access of a network element are provided. A plurality of network elements which are connected to a connection of an access element and at least one second network element is connected to the access element via a first network element. The first network element is authenticated at the access element. Another operation of authenticating the first network element at the access element is initiated by the first network element. An authentication request which is transmitted by the access element and is received at the first network element is forwarded to the second network element. The second network element responds to the authentication request with a response message and the response message is forwarded to the access element via the first network element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for connecting packet-oriented communication terminals, wherein a first communication terminal (P1) is arranged in a first network (LAN), the first network (LAN) being connected to a second network (INT) via a network address-translating unit (NAT), a second communication terminal (P2) being arranged in said second network. For this purpose, a proxy (P) is provided in the gateway (GW) for intercepting or listening to messages, in that a STUN, ICE, or TURN protocol is implemented. The concept of the invention is to implement, on a case by case basis, IP address spoofing or port number spoofing and a “RESPONSE ADDRESS” STUN field in the proxy, thereby performing the STUN or ICE protocol not on the respective communication terminals, but at a third part on another unit. A performance takes place even if the central unit is not located in the user data path between the STUN server STUN and the respective communication terminal.

Abstract: A private IP address is converted into a public IP address in a communications network without adapting a client software. The conversion of the private IP addresses into the public IP addresses is carried out via a network address translation. The private IP address of each terminal included in a payload of the IP data packet is convertible into a corresponding public IP address and, if necessary, vice-versa.

Abstract: A communication between network node elements (routers), according to which the routes communicate with one another using a link-state protocol, e.g. IS-IS or OSPF and the failure of a network node element can be identified more rapidly than by the evaluation of hello messages disclosed in prior art is provided. A link-state message is received by a first network node element from a neighboring second network node element, the link states that are contained in the link-state message are compared with at least one stored link state of a network node element that lies adjacent to the first network node element and the compared link states are evaluated as a criterion for a failure of a neighboring network node element. The topology is recalculated, taking into consideration the failure of the neighboring network node element, without waiting for a dead interval based on period link (hello) message to elapse.

Abstract: A network node unit and a method for forwarding data packets are provided. The network node unit is designed for forwarding data packets provided with a virtual network tag and comprises an identified cascading depth of the virtual network tag in the data packets which exceeds a predefined cascading depth, a filtered forwarding of data packets provided with a cascaded virtual network tag in accordance with the predefined and the identified cascading depth, and an administration table for entering the virtual network tag and address data of the data packets in accordance with the predefined and the identified cascading depth.

Abstract: A method and device for data traffic smoothing are provided. Arriving data packets are buffer-stored and passed on by taking account of an overhead of management information which is attached to the data packet in a protocol conversion process, which is carried out later. This protocol conversion process is carried out at a later time, for example by a DSL modem. The data transmission rate measured from the point of view of the network element carrying out the data traffic smoothing is not the criterion to be adjusted, but the data transmission rate after protocol conversion. A quality of service both for low and high data packet lengths is ensured, and the bandwidth of a DSL connection can therefore be exploited fully both for the VOIP and for data transmission.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for connecting packet-oriented communication terminals, wherein a first communication terminal (P1) is arranged in a first network (LAN), the first network (LAN) being connected to a second network (INT) via a network address-translating unit (NAT), a second communication terminal (P2) being arranged in said second network. For this purpose, a proxy (P) is provided in the gateway (GW) for intercepting or listening to messages, in that a STUN, ICE, or TURN protocol is implemented. The concept of the invention is to implement, on a case by case basis, IP address spoofing or port number spoofing and a “RESPONSE ADDRESS” STUN field in the proxy, thereby performing the STUN or ICE protocol not on the respective communication terminals, but at a third part on another unit. A performance takes place even if the central unit is not located in the user data path between the STUN server STUN and the respective communication terminal.

Abstract: There is described a method to organize a network, wherein if for a first router set up as the default gateway an inaccessibility of an assigned network element is detected at an interface of the first router a second router is set up as the logical default gateway. In this case a provision is made such that in the course of setting up the second router as the default gateway a check on the interface metric is performed at the first and/or second router and that in consequence of the inaccessibility detected for the interface an adaptation of the interface metric is carried out. The interface metric is propagated for example by way of the routing protocol OSPF and/or EIGRP and/or IS-IS to other routers. When using the method it is possible in a failure scenario with divided Layer-2 networks to avoid an occurrence of “black holes”, in other words gaps in communication.

Abstract: A method and device for data traffic smoothing are provided. Arriving data packets are buffer-stored and passed on by taking account of an overhead of management information which is attached to the data packet in a protocol conversion process, which is carried out later. This protocol conversion process is carried out at a later time, for example by a DSL modem. The data transmission rate measured from the point of view of the network element carrying out the data traffic smoothing is not the criterion to be adjusted, but the data transmission rate after protocol conversion. A quality of service both for low and high data packet lengths is ensured, and the bandwidth of a DSL connection can therefore be exploited fully both for the VOIP and for data transmission.

Abstract: An access element and method for controlling access of a network element are provided. A plurality of network elements which are connected to a connection of an access element and at least one second network element is connected to the access element via a first network element. The first network element is authenticated at the access element. Another operation of authenticating the first network element at the access element is initiated by the first network element. An authentication request which is transmitted by the access element and is received at the first network element is forwarded to the second network element. The second network element responds to the authentication request with a response message and the response message is forwarded to the access element via the first network element.

Abstract: A private IP address is converted into a public IP address in a communications network without adapting a client software. The conversion of the private IP addresses into the public IP addresses is carried out via a network address translation. The private IP address of each terminal included in a payload of the IP data packet is convertible into a corresponding public IP address and, if necessary, vice-versa.

Abstract: There is described a method to organize a network, wherein if for a first router set up as the default gateway an inaccessibility of an assigned network element is detected at an interface of the first router a second router is set up as the logical default gateway. In this case a provision is made such that in the course of setting up the second router as the default gateway a check on the interface metric is performed at the first and/or second router and that in consequence of the inaccessibility detected for the interface an adaptation of the interface metric is carried out. The interface metric is propagated for example by way of the routing protocol OSPF and/or EIGRP and/or IS-IS to other routers. When using the method it is possible in a failure scenario with divided Layer-2 networks to avoid an occurrence of “black holes”, in other words gaps in communication.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the automatic configuration of a communications device using a reserved identification number, at least one network node device, which administers an associated subnetwork of a network, at least one virtual network, with which the communications device is associated, whereby data packets exchanged within the virtual network are tagged with the reserved identification number. According to the inventive method, a network address of the subnetwork is determined by a network element arranged in the network. A configuration message adjusted with the network address of the subnetwork as the target address is transmitted by the network element to the network node device, which message is transmitted by the network node device to the virtual network as a broadcast message tagged with the reserved identification number. The broadcast message is received by the communications device and the communications device is configured using the identification number.

Abstract: A communication between network node elements (routers), according to which the routes communicate with one another using a link-state protocol, e.g. IS-IS or OSPF and the failure of a network node element can be identified more rapidly than by the evaluation of hello messages disclosed in prior art is provided. A link-state message is received by a first network node element from a neighboring second network node element, the link states that are contained in the link-state message are compared with at least one stored link state of a network node element that lies adjacent to the first network node element and the compared link states are evaluated as a criterion for a failure of a neighboring network node element. The topology is recalculated, taking into consideration the failure of the neighboring network node element, without waiting for a dead interval based on period link (hello) message to elapse.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for data exchange between network elements with a first network element, arranged in a first network domain with address valid in the first network domain, a second network element, arranged in a second network domain with an address valid in the first network domain and a network gateway, arranged between the network domains, for the forwarding of a data packet for sending, from the first network element to the second network element, said data packet comprising a characterizing range and a data range. In the characterizing range of the data packet, a conversion of the target address, characterizing the receiving network element, into a target address valid in the second network domain is carried out under control of the network gateway. The first network element thus enters the source address thereof to be entered in the data range of the data packet as the source address of the first network element valid in the second network in the data range.

Abstract: The packet-oriented communications facility comprises at least one token-bucket unit, which comprises a time-bucket unit and of a byte-credit unit. Data volume tokens, which each represent a predetermined data volume, are stored in the byte-credit unit. A token generation time interval and a token generation time are assigned to the time-bucket unit. In addition, a processing time is assigned to each data packet before the subsequent processing. In the time-bucket unit, the transmission time interval available for the subsequent processing of a data packet is determined, and a portion of the available transmission time interval is converted into data volume tokens solely in the event that the token generation time interval is exceeded by the determined available transmission time interval. The generated data volume tokens are stored in the byte-credit unit, and the token generation time is updated.

Abstract: A network node unit and a method for forwarding data packets are provided. The network node unit is designed for forwarding data packets provided with a virtual network tag and comprises an identified cascading depth of the virtual network tag in the data packets which exceeds a predefined cascading depth, a filtered forwarding of data packets provided with a cascaded virtual network tag in accordance with the predefined and the identified cascading depth, and an administration table for entering the virtual network tag and address data of the data packets in accordance with the predefined and the identified cascading depth.