Abstract: A photomultiplier pixel cell includes a photon detector coupled to detect an incident photon. A quenching circuit is coupled to quench an avalanche current in the photon detector. An enable circuit is coupled to the photon detector to enable and disable the photon detector in response to an enable signal. A buffer circuit is coupled to the photon detector to generate a digital output signal having a pulse width interval in response to the avalanche current triggered in the photon detector. A first one of a plurality of inputs of a digital-to-analog converter is coupled to the buffer circuit to receive a digital output signal. The digital-to-analog converter is coupled to generate an analog output signal having a magnitude that is responsive to a total number of digital output signals received concurrently within the pulse width interval at each one of the plurality of inputs of the digital-to-analog converter.

Abstract: A threshold detection circuit includes a plurality of capacitors. A plurality of switching circuits is coupled to the capacitors such that a first end of each of the capacitors is coupled to a corresponding photon sensor during detection intervals, and the first end of each capacitor is coupled to a variable initialization value during reset intervals. A threshold number of the capacitors are initialized to a first value and the remaining capacitors are initialized to a second value during reset intervals. A comparator is coupled to a second of the capacitors to generate a detection event in response to the threshold number of photon sensors sensing one or more incident photons during detection intervals.

Abstract: A time-of-flight (TOF) sensor includes a light source, a plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and a plurality of pulse generators. Control circuitry is coupled to the light source, the plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and the plurality of pulse generators, and the control circuitry includes logic that when executed by the control circuitry causes the time-of-flight sensor to perform operations. The operations include emitting the light from the light source, and receiving the light reflected from an object with the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. A plurality of pulses is output from the individual pulse generators corresponding to the individual avalanche photodiodes that received the light, and a timing signal is output when the plurality of pulses overlap temporally. A time is calculated when a first avalanche photodiode in the plurality of avalanche photodiodes received the light.

Abstract: A time-of-flight (TOF) sensor includes a light source structured to emit light and a plurality of avalanche photodiodes. The TOF sensor also includes a plurality of pulse generators, where individual pulse generators are coupled to individual avalanche photodiodes in the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. Control circuitry is coupled to the light source, the plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and the plurality of pulse generators, to perform operations. Operations may include emitting the light from the light source, and receiving the light reflected from an object with the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. In response to receiving the light with the plurality of avalanche photodiodes, a plurality of pulses may be output from the individual pulse generators corresponding to the individual photodiodes that received the light. And, in response to outputting the plurality of pulses, a timing signal may be output when the plurality of pulses overlap temporally.

Abstract: A threshold detection circuit includes a plurality of capacitors. A plurality of switching circuits is coupled to the capacitors such that a first end of each of the capacitors is coupled to a corresponding photon sensor during detection intervals, and the first end of each capacitor is coupled to a variable initialization value during reset intervals. A threshold number of the capacitors are initialized to a first value and the remaining capacitors are initialized to a second value during reset intervals. A comparator is coupled to a second of the capacitors to generate a detection event in response to the threshold number of photon sensors sensing one or more incident photons during detection intervals.

Abstract: A time-of-flight (TOF) sensor includes a light source, a plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and a plurality of pulse generators. Control circuitry is coupled to the light source, the plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and the plurality of pulse generators, and the control circuitry includes logic that when executed by the control circuitry causes the time-of-flight sensor to perform operations. The operations include emitting the light from the light source, and receiving the light reflected from an object with the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. A plurality of pulses is output from the individual pulse generators corresponding to the individual avalanche photodiodes that received the light, and a timing signal is output when the plurality of pulses overlap temporally. A time is calculated when a first avalanche photodiode in the plurality of avalanche photodiodes received the light.

Abstract: A time-of-flight (TOF) sensor includes a light source, a plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and a plurality of pulse generators. Control circuitry is coupled to the light source, the plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and the plurality of pulse generators, and the control circuitry includes logic that when executed by the control circuitry causes the time-of-flight sensor to perform operations. The operations include emitting the light from the light source, and receiving the light reflected from an object with the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. A plurality of pulses is output from the individual pulse generators corresponding to the individual avalanche photodiodes that received the light, and a timing signal is output when the plurality of pulses overlap temporally. A time is calculated when a first avalanche photodiode in the plurality of avalanche photodiodes received the light.

Abstract: A time-of-flight (TOF) sensor includes a light source structured to emit light and a plurality of avalanche photodiodes. The TOF sensor also includes a plurality of pulse generators, where individual pulse generators are coupled to individual avalanche photodiodes in the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. Control circuitry is coupled to the light source, the plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and the plurality of pulse generators, to perform operations. Operations may include emitting the light from the light source, and receiving the light reflected from an object with the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. In response to receiving the light with the plurality of avalanche photodiodes, a plurality of pulses may be output from the individual pulse generators corresponding to the individual photodiodes that received the light. And, in response to outputting the plurality of pulses, a timing signal may be output when the plurality of pulses overlap temporally.

Abstract: A time-of-flight (TOF) sensor includes a light source, a plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and a plurality of pulse generators. Control circuitry is coupled to the light source, the plurality of avalanche photodiodes, and the plurality of pulse generators, and the control circuitry includes logic that when executed by the control circuitry causes the time-of-flight sensor to perform operations. The operations include emitting the light from the light source, and receiving the light reflected from an object with the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. A plurality of pulses is output from the individual pulse generators corresponding to the individual avalanche photodiodes that received the light, and a timing signal is output when the plurality of pulses overlap temporally. A time is calculated when a first avalanche photodiode in the plurality of avalanche photodiodes received the light.

Abstract: A photomultiplier pixel cell includes a photon detector coupled to detect an incident photon. A quenching circuit is coupled to quench an avalanche current in the photon detector. An enable circuit is coupled to the photon detector to enable and disable the photon detector in response to an enable signal. A buffer circuit is coupled to the photon detector to generate a digital output signal having a pulse width interval in response to the avalanche current triggered in the photon detector. A first one of a plurality of inputs of a digital-to-analog converter is coupled to the buffer circuit to receive a digital output signal. The digital-to-analog converter is coupled to generate an analog output signal having a magnitude that is responsive to a total number of digital output signals received concurrently within the pulse width interval at each one of the plurality of inputs of the digital-to-analog converter.

Abstract: A time of flight pixel cell includes a photosensor to sense photons reflected from an object and pixel support circuitry. The pixel support circuitry includes charging control logic coupled to the photosensor to detect when the photosensor senses the photons reflected from the object. The pixel support circuitry also includes a controllable current source coupled to provide a charge current in response to a time of flight signal coupled to be received from the charging control logic. A capacitor is coupled to receive the charge current from the controllable current source in response to the time of flight signal, and voltage on the capacitor is representative of a round trip distance to the object. A counter circuit is coupled to the photosensor to count a number of the photons reflected from the object and received by the photosensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for avoiding pixel saturation in a group of pixels, each having a node, wherein a reference voltage is predetermined, and wherein a voltage change at the node of only one of the pixels compared to the predetermined reference voltage causes the synchronous reset of all pixels of the group.

Abstract: A method of reducing noise in an image sensor using a parallel multi-ramps merged comparator analog-to-digital converter (ADC) starts with a pixel array capturing image data. The pixel array includes pixels to generate pixel data signals, respectively. An ADC circuitry acquires the pixel data signals. The ADC circuitry includes ADC circuits. Each of the ADC circuits includes a comparator and latches. The comparator includes a multi-input first stage. The comparator in each ADC circuit compares one of the pixel data signals to ramp signals received from a logic circuitry to generate comparator output signals. The latches in each ADC circuit latches the counter based on the comparator output signals, respectively, to generate ADC outputs. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: A time of flight pixel cell includes a photosensor to sense photons reflected from an object and pixel support circuitry. The pixel support circuitry includes charging control logic coupled to the photosensor to detect when the photosensor senses the photons reflected from the object. The pixel support circuitry also includes a controllable current source coupled to provide a charge current in response to a time of flight signal coupled to be received from the charging control logic. A capacitor is coupled to receive the charge current from the controllable current source in response to the time of flight signal, and voltage on the capacitor is representative of a round trip distance to the object. A counter circuit is coupled to the photosensor to count a number of the photons reflected from the object and received by the photosensor.

Abstract: A method of reducing noise in an image sensor using a parallel multi-ramps merged comparator analog-to-digital converter (ADC) starts with a pixel array capturing image data. The pixel array includes pixels to generate pixel data signals, respectively. An ADC circuitry acquires the pixel data signals. The ADC circuitry includes ADC circuits. Each of the ADC circuits includes a comparator and latches. The comparator includes a multi-input first stage. The comparator in each ADC circuit compares one of the pixel data signals to ramp signals received from a logic circuitry to generate comparator output signals. The latches in each ADC circuit latches the counter based on the comparator output signals, respectively, to generate ADC outputs. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: A method of reducing noise in an image sensor using a parallel multi-ramps merged comparator analog-to-digital converter (ADC) starts with a pixel array capturing image data. The pixel array includes pixels to generate pixel data signals, respectively. An ADC circuitry acquires the pixel data signals. The ADC circuitry includes ADC circuits. Each of the ADC circuits includes a comparator and ADC counters. The comparator includes a multi-input first stage. The comparator in each ADC circuit compares one of the pixel data signals to ramp signals received from a logic circuitry to generate comparator output signals. The ADC counters in each ADC circuit counting based on the comparator output signals, respectively, to generate ADC outputs. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for avoiding pixel saturation in a group of pixels, each having a node, wherein a reference voltage is predetermined, and wherein a voltage change at the node of only one of the pixels compared to the predetermined reference voltage causes the synchronous reset of all pixels of the group.