Abstract: An apparatus and method for low noise imaging uses an image sensor, such as an EMCCD in which charges are accumulated and shifted out using analog clock signals. A sensor controller generates the clock signals from digital waveforms stored in memory units that provide outputs to digital-to-analog converters that, in turn, convert the signals to analog form. The analog signals are then amplified and applied to the sensor. The specific waveforms are determined by a digital signal processor and stored in the memories, and the desired waveforms are read out the memories using addressing provided by a field-programmable gate array. The clock signals may be sinusoids, or may be more complex waveform shapes, and the waveform shapes may be varied by a user. The clock signal rise times may be made gradual so as to minimize noise contributions.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for low noise imaging uses an image sensor, such as an EMCCD in which charges are accumulated and shifted out using analog clock signals. A sensor controller generates the clock signals from digital waveforms stored in memory units that provide outputs to digital-to-analog converters that, in turn, convert the signals to analog form. The analog signals are then amplified and applied to the sensor. The specific waveforms are determined by a digital signal processor and stored in the memories, and the desired waveforms are read out the memories using addressing provided by a field-programmable gate array. The clock signals may be sinusoids, or may be more complex waveform shapes, and the waveform shapes may be varied by a user. The clock signal rise times may be made gradual so as to minimize noise contributions.