Abstract: Described herein are various method of providing mobile energy service. Different energy micro grids are associated with different core energy routers, which core energy routers can each be connected to the utility grid, and also allow energy transactions to occur with respect to the owners of the different energy micro grids.

Abstract: Described is a digital electrical routing control system for use with electrical storage systems and conventional and alternative energy sources, and methods of using the same. In one aspect is described a method of determining an amount of energy used by a load using a computer, with the energy being provided from a first battery and a second battery, and with other energy being supplied to charge the first battery and the second battery, the method comprising the steps of: initiating, using the computer, charging of the first battery with the other energy while the second battery is being drained by connection to the load; initiating, using the computer, charging of the second battery with the other energy while the first battery is being drained by connection to the load; and detecting, using the computer, an amount of energy consumed during an interval of time based upon an amount of charging of the first battery and the second battery during the interval of time.

Abstract: A scalable optical switch that uses substrates to multiplex and demultiplex input and output optical signals for optical networks. The switch includes a plurality of input fibers each configured to carry a plurality of lambda signals, a first stack of substrates, each of the substrates coupled to one of the input fibers and configured to demultiplex the lambda signals received on the input fiber by wavelength respectively, a plurality of output fibers, and a switching matrix configured to switch the demultiplexed lambda signals from the first stack of substrates to the plurality of output fibers. In one embodiment, the switch further includes a second stack of substrates coupled between the switching matrix and the output fibers. Each of the substrates of the second stack is configured to multiplex the switched lambda signals onto one of the output fibers respectively.