Abstract: The disclosure relates to an end fitting (40) for connecting a flexible pipe for transporting a cryogenic fluid, comprising thermal insulation means (65) interposed between the cold part (41) of the connecting end fitting and the rear part (51) for crimping the end of a leak proof sealed external sheath (9) of said flexible pipe.

Abstract: A foldable ramp for evacuation of a vehicle, the ramp including hingedly connected primary and secondary side members, a primary fixed panel fixedly attached the primary side members, a primary flipping panel extending between the primary side members adjacent the primary fixed panel and having a first end pivotally connected to the primary side members and a second end free from the side members, and a secondary flipping panel extending between the secondary side members and having a first end free from the side members and hingedly connected to the second end of the primary flipping panel and a second end pivotally connected to the secondary side members. The ramp is configurable between a folded and a deployed position, with the panels in the deployed position forming a ramp surface and the panels in the folded position being stacked one against the other.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an end fitting (40) for connecting a flexible pipe for transporting a cryogenic fluid, comprising thermal insulation means (65) interposed between the cold part (41) of the connecting end fitting and the rear part (51) for crimping the end of a leak proof sealed external sheath (9) of said flexible pipe.

Abstract: A foldable ramp for evacuation of a vehicle, the ramp including hingedly connected primary and secondary side members, a primary fixed panel fixedly attached the primary side members, a primary flipping panel extending between the primary side members adjacent the primary fixed panel and having a first end pivotally connected to the primary side members and a second end free from the side members, and a secondary flipping panel extending between the secondary side members and having a first end free from the side members and hingedly connected to the second end of the primary flipping panel and a second end pivotally connected to the secondary side members. The ramp is configurable between a folded and a deployed position, with the panels in the deployed position forming a ramp surface and the panels in the folded position being stacked one against the other.

Abstract: A wavelength converter for binary optical signals includes an interferometer structure (110) for generating an output signal by modulating a received local signal (LS) according to the modulation of a fUrther received first input signal (IS 1). When such interferometer structures (110) are operated in a standard mode it is known in the art to control the power of the input signal such that the extinction ratio of the output signal is kept minimal. The invention also controls the power of the input signals to achieve the minimal extinction ratio when the wavelength converter and in particular the interferometer structure (110) is operated in a differential mode receiving two input signals.

Abstract: A method for remodulation of a modulated optical signal is disclosed which uses a disturbed line signal and an optical clock signal derived from the undisturbed original line signal modulated with the bitrate frequency feeding both signals in a Raman amplifying fiber connected to at least one Raman pump running the clock signal as Raman pump wavelength for the line signal.

Abstract: An optical receiver (5) for an optical network (2) comprises a dispersion compensation module (7) for adjusting an amount of chromatic dispersion of optical signals transmitted through the optical network (2) and is characterized in that a nonlinear optical element (13) for spectral broadening of a dispersion probe signal transmitted through the optical network (2) is arranged in a measuring path (11) downstream of the dispersion compensation module (7), and a power measuring means (15) for measuring an average power of the optical dispersion probe signal over a predetermined frequency range is arranged downstream of the nonlinear optical element (13) in the measuring path (11).

Abstract: A synchronous optical regenerator applies intensity modulation and phase modulation. The phase modulation is effected after the intensity modulation by the crossed Kerr effect in a Kerr fiber. The clock used for the phase modulation is obtained by injecting a continuous wavelength into the intensity modulator. The regenerator therefore includes a multiplexer coupling continuous light with the signals transmitted, an intensity modulator modulating the signals transmitted and the continuous light, and a Kerr fiber phase modulating the transmitted signals by crossed phase modulation with the intensity-modulated continuous light. Applications include wavelength division multiplex transmission systems.

Abstract: The present invention propose to use an optical multiplexer associated with an optical clock as a wavelength converter. Each RZ coded tributary will be carried by a single wavelength (channel) passively interleaved with the others without interferometric interaction hence achieving a not necessarily perfect OTDM. This input data stream as optical data signal composed of different wavelengths is then launched on at least one data access of said optical multiplexer used as a wavelength converter. An optical clock at the desired bit-rate is launched on the probe access of said optical multiplexer synchronously to the multi-wavelength data stream. At the output, the initial clock wavelength is converted on data signal using the gain conversion property of the optical multiplexer. In such a way, a data stream of substantially higher bit-rate is obtained while due to a very precise synchronization a lost of data is minimized.

Abstract: It is propose to use a DI-NOLM comprising an optical loop made of two spools of dispersive fibers with large effective area but of local dispersion of opposite sign and a HLN fiber in between. In this configuration according to the invention, the input optical signal needs to be initially chirped. A nonlinear phase shift is then generated between both counter propagating optical fields inside the HNL as the consequence of the peak power imbalance. Advantageously, it is possible to process RZ or RZ/DSPK with a rather large shape at half-way taking even more than 65% of bit time. This can be achieved without any alteration of the optical regeneration. Moreover, in this configuration by using the method according to the invention, the compensation dispersion is realized inside the DI-NOLM, and so it is not necessary to add a compensating dispersion state at this interferometer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wavelength converter for binary optical signals comprising an interferometer structure (110) for generating an output signal by modulating a received local signal (LS) according to the modulation of a further received first input signal (IS1). When such interferometer structures (110) are operated in a standard mode it is known in the art to provide a control means for controlling the power of the input signal such that the extinction ratio of the output signal is kept minimal. The invention provides a modified control means for also achieving the minimal extinction ratio when the wavelength converter and in particular the interferometer structure (110) is operated in a differential mode receiving two input signals.

Abstract: A demultiplexer for an optical time-division multiplexed digital signal, which has a signal wavelength ?s and is transmitted with a bit rate B, is described. It comprises a Raman active optical medium, a pump source for generating a periodic optical pump signal having a pump wavelength ?p and a periodicity of B/n where n is an integer ?2, and a coupler for coupling the digital signal and the pump signal into the Raman active optical medium. The new demultiplexer exploits the non-linear Raman gain response of the Raman active medium to a high power pump signal and has a narrow time window and a high extinction ratio.

Abstract: A demultiplexer for an optical time-division multiplexed digital signal, which has a signal wavelength &lgr;s and is transmitted with a bit rate B, is described. It comprises a Raman active optical medium, a pump source for generating a periodic optical pump signal having a pump wavelength &lgr;p and a periodicity of B/n where n is an integer ≧2, and a coupler for coupling the digital signal and the pump signal into the Raman active optical medium. The new demultiplexer exploits the non-linear Raman gain response of the Raman active medium to a high power pump signal and has a narrow time window and a high extinction ratio.

Abstract: To delay optical signals precisely and continuously in a very small dynamic range, a device for applying a time-delay to optical signals includes a first phase modulator to receive an input optical signal carried by an original center wavelength and to apply a first stage of phase modulation to the carrier wave of the input signal to supply a first intermediate signal carried by a modified center wavelength, a delaying dispersive member having chromatic dispersion to receive the first intermediate signal and to supply a second intermediate signal, and a second phase modulator to receive the second intermediate signal and to apply a second stage of phase modulation to the carrier wave of the second intermediate signal to supply an output signal carried by the original center wavelength. Applications include optical telecommunication systems, in particular converting wavelength division multiplexed signals into time division multiplexed signals and regenerating wavelength division multiplexed signals.

Abstract: The invention concerns a fiber optic soliton signal transmission system comprising a signal amplifier means and signal regenerator means, in-line first filter means and second filter means associated with the regenerator means, the second filter means being different from the first filter means. Independent optimization of the in-line filter means and the filter means associated with the regenerator improves the performance of the transmission system. In the case of wavelength division multiplexed systems, the invention reduces the effects of jitter induced by collisions between solitons.

Abstract: A method for remodulation of a modulated optical signal is disclosed which uses a disturbed line signal and an optical clock signal derived from the undisturbed original line signal modulated with the bitrate frequency feeding both signals in a Raman amplifying fiber connected to at least one Raman pump running the clock signal as Raman pump wavelength for the line signal.

Abstract: An optical module advantageously uses optical conversion fibers not only for a single channel but for sets of channels that are, in a specific way, selected from a multi-channel wave division multiplex (WDM) grid. The sets of channels are defined such that four wave mixing is negligible or has a negligible effect. The optical module has a demultiplexer, a multiplexer, and parallel optical conversion fiber portions that are arranged between the demultiplexer and the multiplexer. Each of the parallel optical conversion fiber portions has a specific dispersion map and transmits a different set of channels of the multi-channel WDM grid. These channels are regularly spaced from each other.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the advantageous use of optical conversion fibers not only for a single channel but for sets of channels chosen in a precise way out of the used multi-channel WDM grid. The sets of channels are defined such that four wave mixing are or negligible or of a negligible effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical fiber transmission system using soliton signals and wavelength division multiplexing. To reduce the effects of collision-induced jitter on the soliton channels, the invention proposes to interchange the wavelengths of the channels of the multiplex at least once, so as to invert the sign of the residual frequency variation induced by the asymmetrical collisions on the signals of the channels. The invention is applicable in particular to transmission systems implementing a frequency allocation scheme that guarantees that the bit times of the various channels are synchronous at regular intervals.

Abstract: The invention concerns a fiber optic soliton signal transmission system comprising a signal amplifier means and signal regenerator means, in-line first filter means and second filter means associated with the regenerator means, the second filter means being different from the first filter means.