Abstract: A process for chlorinating ore, slag, mill scale, scrap, dust and other resources containing recoverable metals from the groups 4-6, 8-12, and 14 in the periodic table. The process comprises: a) forming a liquid fused salt melt consisting essentially of aluminum chloride and at least one other metal chloride selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chlorides and alkaline earth metal chlorides, wherein the aluminum chloride content in the liquid salt melt exceeds 10% by weight; b) introducing the recoverable metal resources into said liquid salt melt: c) reacting the aluminum chloride as chlorine donor with said recoverable metal resource to form metal chlorides, which are dissolved in the salt melt; and d) recovering the formed metal chlorides from the salt melt.

Abstract: In closed cooling water systems of the kind where deionized and usually deaerated cooling water comes into contact with copper or copper alloys, the formation of scales, depositions due to general copper corrosion is eliminated by the addition of H2 to the cooling water system. The product formed in anoxic (O2-free) water may be described as CuOyHx, but this product can be reduced and, thus, avoided if a sufficient amount of hydrogen is supplied. The life of the stator coil copper pipe for cooling water in an electric generator can be extended significantly by this invention, which is applicable also to other fields, such as closed cooling water systems for particle accelerators and nuclear fusion reactors (such as ITER), for example. In addition, the maintenance cost for such water cooling systems in contact with copper metal will be reduced drastically.

Abstract: The invention relates to a canister (1) for final repository of spent fuel elements from a nuclear reactor, comprising an insert (2) that contains said spent fuel elements, an inner copper casing (4a, 4b, 4c) that encloses the insert (2), and at least one outer casing (5a, 5b, 5c) that encloses the copper casting and that consists of a passive-film-forming metal or metal alloy, the passive film on the casing being constituted by an essentially oxidic film that is rich in one or more of the metals in the group of metals that consist of the metals zirconium, chromium and titanium.

Abstract: A process for chlorinating ore, slag, mill scale, scrap, dust and other resources containing recoverable metals from the groups 4-6, 8-12, and 14 in the periodic table. The process comprises: a) forming a liquid fused salt melt consisting essentially of aluminum chloride and at least one other metal chloride selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chlorides and alkaline earth metal chlorides, wherein the aluminum chloride content in the liquid salt melt exceeds 10% by weight; b) introducing the recoverable metal resources into said liquid salt melt: c) reacting the aluminum chloride as chlorine donor with said recoverable metal resource to form metal chlorides, which are dissolved in the salt melt; and d) recovering the formed metal chlorides from the salt melt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a canister (1) for final repository of spent fuel elements from a nuclear reactor, comprising an insert (2) that contains said spent fuel elements, an inner copper casing (4a, 4b, 4c) that encloses the insert (2), and at least one outer casing (5a, 5b, 5c) that encloses the copper casting and that consists of a passive-film-forming metal or metal alloy, the passive film on the casing being constituted by an essentially oxidic film that is rich in one or more of the metals in the group of metals that consist of the metals zirconium, chromium and titanium.

Abstract: A process is provided for coating a ferrous metal article, e.g. steel or iron, with a corrosion resistant surface layer comprising first coating said article with a layer of nickel and/or cobalt, heating said coated article for a time less than 45 minutes at a temperature in excess of 725.degree. C and then applying to said first metal layer an additional layer of at least one of the metals selected from the group consisting of chromium, tin, lead, zinc, copper and cadmium.

Abstract: A case-hardened, corrosion-resistant steel article is provided which comprises, applying a coating of nickel and/or cobalt to the surface of the article and then subjecting said coated article to carburization by heating said coated article to and maintaining it at an austenitic temperature under carburizing conditions for a time sufficient to effect carbon diffusion into the surface of the steel article. The corrosion resistance of the steel may be further enhanced by applying a thin layer of a final metal coat selected from the group consisting of Cr, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd.