Abstract: There is provided a method in an access point, the method comprising: grouping a plurality of terminal devices that are within certain radio distance from each other into same group; selecting a single terminal device of the group to reply to a transmission request message on behalf of the group; transmitting the transmission request message, wherein the transmission request message indicates the single selected terminal device of the group that should reply to the transmission request message on behalf of the group; and in response to the transmitting the transmission request message, initiating receiving a transmission response message from the single selected terminal device on behalf of the group.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for addressing network slices in a radio interface between a station and an access node. According to an aspect, the station is granted access to a network slice and, when transmitting a data frame of the network slice, the network slice is identified in the data frame by a medium access control address of the data frame.

Abstract: Method for channel contention and data frame transmission in a wireless network.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for selecting a frequency channel for a service. According to an aspect, a method comprises: receiving, by a first access node of a first wireless network, a scanning message comprising at least one information element indicating a channel access limit for a frequency channel operated by a second access node of a second wireless network; selecting, by the first access node on the basis of the at least one information element, the frequency channel or another frequency channel for an ultra-reliable low-latency (URLLC) service provided by the apparatus; and upon selecting the frequency channel for the URLLC service, causing by the first access node transmission of frames of the service within channel access limits indicated by the at least one information element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method comprising measuring a first power value in a first channel before transmitting a first signal in a second channel A first transmit power value is then determined for transmitting the first signal in the second channel. In addition, a second power value in the first channel is estimated, while transmitting the first signal in the second channel, wherein the second power value is estimated based on at least the measured first power value and the first transmit power value. Further, a third power value is measured in the first channel, while transmitting the first signal in the second channel.

Abstract: A node configured to support a method of communicating between two nodes in the unlicensed spectrum is disclosed where a channel can be simultaneously used for downlink and uplink communication. The method performed at a node involves assessing at that node, for example, a UE, that there is a transmission to be made to a further node, for example a gNB. The first node receives an indication that communication with the further node is supportable on a channel within an unlicensed spectrum using flexible frequency division duplex (FDD) techniques. The first node determines whether transmission by the further node is being made within a first portion of the channel within the unlicensed spectrum; and if so, transmits to the further node within a second portion of the channel which does not overlap with the first.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating on multiple channels, perhaps in data duplication communications in unlicensed spectrum. The method comprises scanning a plurality of channels in unlicensed spectrum to determine whether the plurality of channels are available. In response to determining at least one of the channels is available determining when a transmitting opportunity may occur and estimating at least one delay between said transmitting opportunity and at least one further transmitting opportunity at which it is estimated that the apparatus may be able to transmit a signal on at least one other of said multiple channels. Determining hether any of said at least one delays lie within a current deferral allowance and where not transmitting the signal on the available hannel; and where so delaying transmitting the signal until a further transmitting opportunity within the current deferral allowance.

Abstract: A method of communicating between nodes on a plurality of channels within the unlicensed spectrum is disclosed where coordination of the acquiring of the different channels is provided so that a further channel is acquired prior to the occupancy time of the currently used channel expiring. The method involves determining at one node that a channel in the unlicensed band has been acquired for a predetermined occupancy time. Initiating a scan of at least one further channel within the unlicensed spectrum to determine if a further channel is available. Once a predetermined time has passed and within the predetermined occupancy time, acquiring the available channel by transmitting a signal on it.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising: occupying a first channel for data transmission between a first multi-link device (MLD) and a second MLD for a first channel occupation period (COP), transmitting a measurement request to a subset of MLDs to perform channel measurements on at least two channels during the first COP, transmitting at least one data message to the second MLD during the first COP, receiving, after transmission of the at least one data message, at least one channel status report comprising channel status information from at least one MLD of the subset of MLDs during the first COP, and selecting a channel, among the at least two channels, for data transmission between the first MLD and an MLD for a second COP, wherein the selection is based at least partly on the channel status report.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving control information including a slot format indicator configured to indicate scheduled channel usage for time units, wherein the slot format indicator includes at least one indicator configured to indicate that simultaneous uplink and downlink communications are scheduled to occur on a shared channel in at least one of the time units; and determining a type of channel sensing to use prior to initiating an uplink transmission on at least a portion of the shared channel based, at least in part, on the control information, wherein determining a type of channel sensing to use comprises analysing the scheduled channel usage for, at least, the time unit in which the uplink transmission is scheduled to be initiated and the time unit before the time unit in which

Abstract: A transmitter is configured to set a counter to a starting value, sense whether a channel is busy or idle and to update the counter value during sensing. When there is data to be transmitted, the transmitter is configured to determine, based on at least the counter value at a transmit opportunity and a duration the channel has been sensed idle before the transmit opportunity, whether to transmit the data or to continue the sensing the channel to a next transmit opportunity without reset- ting the counter value to the starting value.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for decoding frames received via multiple links. According to an aspect, a method for an apparatus of a wireless network includes: decoding at least a first part of a first frame received on a first channel; detecting, during said decoding the first part of the first frame, transmission of a second frame on a second channel; in response to said detecting, buffering at least a first part of the second frame, the first part of the second frame including duration information; after said decoding the first part of the first frame, decoding at least the first part of the second frame; updating, on the basis of the duration information, channel occupation information of the second channel; starting, based at least partly on the channel occupation information of the second channel indicating that the second channel not occupied, contention for channel access on the second channel.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for sharing a transmission opportunity in a wireless network. According to an aspect, a method for an apparatus of a first wireless network includes determining a plurality of devices of a second wireless network for null steering; transmitting a trigger frame, the trigger frame indicating a transmission period for data frame transfer between the apparatus and another apparatus of the first wireless network, a spatial reuse opportunity for the second wireless network during the transmission period, and an additional period preceding the transmission period; receiving, from at least one device of the second wireless network during the additional period, a channel state frame; and performing, based on the channel state frame, null steering towards the at least one device during the transmission period.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for detecting a transmission opportunity. According to an aspect, a method comprises as performed by an apparatus of a first wireless network: detecting a first transmission from a first apparatus of a second wireless network different from the first wireless network; transmitting, to a second apparatus of the first wireless network, a transmission mode request, wherein the transmission mode request indicates a request to transmit from the apparatus to the second apparatus at least during an interframe space of a transmission opportunity between the first apparatus and another apparatus of the second wireless network, receiving a transmission mode response from the second apparatus, wherein the transmission mode response indicates acceptance of the request; in response to detecting a second transmission from the first apparatus, transmitting a data frame during an interframe space following the second transmission.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising: transmitting, by a first transceiver of a first radio technology, wherein a first device comprises the first transceiver, a calibration start message to a second device, transmitting a calibration message by a second transceiver of a second radio technology, wherein the first device comprises the second transceiver, receiving channel state information, by the first transceiver from the second device, wherein the channel state information is based on reception of the calibration message, determining at least one coefficient for null steering towards the second device based on the channel state information, and transmitting a directional message to a third device, using the at least one coefficient.

Abstract: A method comprising determining that interference may occur in a wireless network an apparatus is connected to, obtaining a first link that is of a first type, obtaining a second link that is of a second type, determining data to be transmitted from the apparatus to another apparatus connected to the wireless network, determining that a transmission occurs in the first link and transmitting the data in the second link, wherein the transmission in the first link has a longer duration than transmitting the data in the second link and the transmission in the first link and transmitting the data in the second link overlap in time.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for sharing a transmission opportunity in a wireless network. According to an aspect, a method for an apparatus of a first wireless network: includes determining a plurality of devices of a second wireless network for null steering; transmitting a trigger frame, the trigger frame indicating a transmission period for data frame transfer between the apparatus and another apparatus of the first wireless network, a spatial reuse opportunity for the second wireless network during the transmission period, and an additional period preceding the transmission period; receiving, from at least one device of the second wireless network during the additional period, a channel state frame; and performing, based on the channel state frame, null steering towards the at least one device during the transmission period.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for enabling spatial cooperation in a hidden node scenario. According to an aspect, a method comprises: detecting, by a station of a first wireless network managed by a first access node, that a second access node of a second wireless network is hidden to the first access node; in response to the detecting, transmitting by the station a spatial cooperation request message to the second access node; receiving, by the station from the second access node as a response to the spatial cooperation request message, a spatial cooperation response message comprising at least one information element acknowledging spatial cooperation; after receiving the spatial cooperation response message, receiving by the station a frame from the first access node while the second access node is transmitting another frame and while null steering is performed between the apparatus and the second access node.

Abstract: Communications apparatuses and methods are provided. The solution comprises receiving (200) from a server a request to perform sensing measurements; allocating (202) transmission resources to one or more wireless terminal devices, where the allocated resources are larger than needed for data transmission of the one or more wireless terminal; transmitting (204) information on resource to the one or more wireless terminal devices; receiving (206) transmission from one or more wireless terminal devices, the transmission comprising an amount of known symbols in addition to data; estimating (208) channel state information utilizing the known symbols; and transmitting (210) channel state information to the server.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus, computer program product, and method for determining to transmit frames on a frequency channel; determining a first sub-band of the frequency channel for wake-up radio transmissions according to a wake-up radio access technology and a second sub-band of the frequency channel, different from the first sub-band, for main radio transmissions according to another radio access technology; allocating the first sub-band for the wake-up radio transmissions and simultaneously allocating the second sub-band for the main radio transmissions; transmitting, using a main radio interface of an access network (AN), using said another radio access technology, a frame comprising a header indicating said allocations, and transmitting, after transmitting the header, a wake-up signal on the first sub-band by using a wake-up radio interface of the AN operating according to the wake-up radio access technology and, simultaneously, transmitting another radio signal on the second sub-band using the main radi