Abstract: Copy-Protected Audio, Video and or Data Optical Disk and the Protection Process for such Disk includes a TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) program which when once installed onto a computer system blocks any attempt to copy any designated Audio, Video or any Data on such Copy-Protected Optical Disk and or the Hard Drive. Additionally this system further includes a means of an optional Password Key which could be a Key Floppy or any suitable media. Optionally the password could be obtained by logging-on to an Internet based authentication terminal that unlocks the system and allows access to the stored contents on the disk for the first time user of the Copy-Protected Optical Disk thus increasing the pay per use revenues for Audio, Video and or Software Sales, Registration and or Rentals.

Abstract: A TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) program based virus, trojan, worm and copy protection of audio, video, digital, multi media, executable files and installable programs. The TSR is co-resident on the chip-set or the CPU of the system; the BIOS and the OS (Operating System), whereby it is an intrinsic part of the system and is uninstallable. The TSR monitors any attempt to copy, play, record, any designated copy protected audio, video, digital, multi media; or any attempt to copy, install or execute any executable files or such installable programs and seeks authorization and or authentication from a clearing house or by using a local authentication key, before playing, recording, storing, executing or installing such digital media. Additionally the TSR generates and inserts a unique digitally encrypted source signature that includes the machine number and the date and time code for pay per use and verification purposes.

Abstract: Copy-Protected Audio, Video and or Data Optical Disk and the Protection Process for such Disk includes a TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) program which when once installed onto a computer system blocks any attempt to copy any designated Audio, Video or any Data on such Copy-Protected Optical Disk and or the Hard Drive. Additionally this system further includes a means of an optional Password Key which could be a Key Floppy or any suitable media. Optionally the password could be obtained by logging-on to an Internet based authentication terminal that unlocks the system and allows access to the stored contents on the disk for the first time user of the Copy-Protected Optical Disk thus increasing the pay per use revenues for Audio, Video and or Software Sales, Registration and or Rentals.

Abstract: The specification discloses a Basic Surge Protector for protecting an electrical equipment connected on its load side from spurious or excessive transient voltages or surges or both on an electrical line above a predetermined value, on its line side or its hot side. Intended for use in ac circuits, dc circuits and ac/dc circuits. A fuse is used to monitor a fault current flowing into a surge voltage suppression device, due to an excessive voltage across the suppression device. Thus the fuse blows resulting from an over-current condition, and it disables and opens a solid state switch or an electro mechanical switch mounted in series in the line thus protecting the secondary or the load side from over-voltages and transient surges on the electrical line. Circuits are also disclosed which provide for automatic setting and resetting after an over-voltage fault condition on the line being protected.

Abstract: A NO-BLO-FUSE comprising a current sensing device is used to generate a voltage drop proportional to the current flowing through the device. When the voltage drop reaches a predetermined level, resulting from an over-current condition, it trips a control means that opens a solid state switch in the line. After a defined delay interval the circuit will automatically reset to close the solid state switch. If the over-current condition still exists, the control means will again open the solid state switch. This cycle is repeated at the delay interval until the over-current condition has subsided. Circuits are also disclosed which provide over-voltage protection, through detectors which trigger the control means when an over-voltage condition is detected. The application of the invention to lightning or surge protection is also disclosed, for single line and multi-line environments.

Abstract: A micro computer based power line protection, monitoring and management system that manages one or more source(s) and one or more user(s) of the power. Further disclosed are many means of rendering the surge protection operative in many different modes, and conditions, means of providing primary protection and secondary protection in a safe way such that the system integrity is maintained in that various situation/conditions of power surges, transients and crosses, further coupled with a power management system that allows safe switching between surges and manages different loads and provided by its predetermined parameters and conditions. External communication means additionally provide the means of controlling and monitoring the sources and the loads. Various control means and isolation means separate the primary from the secondary protector providing fail safe protection under varying power conditions such as power crosses, surges and transients.

Abstract: The specification discloses a solid state auto-reset circuit breaker intended for use in ac circuits, dc circuits and ac/dc circuits. A current sensing device is used to generate a voltage drop proportional to the current flowing through the device. When the voltage drop reaches a predetermined level, resulting from an over-current condition, it trips a control means that opens a solid state switch in the line. After a defined delay interval the circuit will automatically reset to close the solid state switch. If the over-current condition still exists, the control means will again open the solid state switch. This cycle is repeated at the delay interval until the over-current condition has subsided. Circuits are also disclosed which provide over-voltage protection, through detectors which trigger the control means when an over-voltage condition is detected. The application of the invention to lightning or surge protection is also disclosed, for single line and multiline environments.

Abstract: A polarity ring director for designating a specific party in a multi-party telephone system using polarity encoding to ring only a specific party's telephone includes a solid state bipolar switch connected in series with the subscriber telephone line. The bipolar switch is unipolar in one polarity to pass DC signals and is selectively unipolar in the opposite polarity to selectively pass AC signals in response to a pilot signal to ring the subscriber's telephone. A pilot switch is responsive to polarity encoded line conditions for generating the pilot signal. A polarity detection circuit responsive to a predetermined pattern of AC and DC voltages superimposed on three input channels selectively enables or disables the pilot switch. A telephone line addressing means couples the tip, ring and ground lines of a telphone system in a predetermined pattern to the three input channels.

Abstract: A fault locating device for determining whether a problem exists on the customer side or the office side of a telephone line. A voltage and current sensitive switch is connected in series with each of the ring and tip lines near the customer side. The voltage and current sensitive switches are activated by a current demand only in the presence of a threshold voltage across the telephone line. The switches include a triac connected in series with each telephone line and a bilateral avalanche device connected to the gate of the triac and the telephone line. The switches will not turn on, and the customer will remain disconnected from the central office if the voltage is below the breakover voltage of the avalanche device. A distinctive termination circuit is connected across the tip and ring lines on the customer side of the voltage and current sensitive switches. The termination circuit conducts only when the ring is positive and the tip is negative.

Abstract: A solid state remotely actuable switch includes at least one solid state bilateral switch having a first and a second terminal connected in series with the telephone circuit and a gate for rendering the switch conductive between the terminals in response to a specific gate trigger current. A solid state unilateral switch is provided for each bilateral switch, which includes first and second terminals and a gate for actuating the unilateral switch between the terminals in response to a telephone operation voltage. A diode bridge circuit having positive and negative terminals connects the gate and second terminal of the bilateral switch to the first and second terminals of the unilateral switch. A solid state avalanche device is connected between the first terminal of the unilateral switch and the positive terminal of the bridge circuit.

Abstract: A device for selectively ringing a specific party in a multiparty telephone system by frequency discrimination including a remotely actuable solid state switch connected in series with the telephone circuit of each customer. A programmable frequency discriminator is connected across the customer's telephone circuit for opening the solid state switch in response to a ringing voltage. A frequency discriminator produces an output signal in response to the ringing voltage of a selected frequency preprogrammed into the discriminator. The output of the frequency discriminator is connected to an AC to DC to AC converting circuit which is connected within the customer's telephone circuit. The frequency discriminator enables the converting circuit which thereby converts the frequency of the ringing voltage to a standard 20 Hz for ringing the customer's phone.

Abstract: A polarity ring director for designating a specific party in a multi-party telephone system using polarity encoding to ring only a specific party's telephone includes a solid state bipolar switch connected in series with the subscriber telephone line. The bipolar switch is unipolar in one polarity to pass DC signals and is selectively unipolar in the opposite polarity to selectively pass AC signals in response to a pilot signal to ring the subscriber's telephone. A pilot switch is responsive to polarity encoded line conditions for generating the pilot signal. A polarity detection circuit responsive to a predetermined pattern of AC and DC voltages superimposed on three input channels selectively enables or disables the pilot switch. A telephone line addressing means couples the tip, ring and ground lines of a telephone system in a predetermined pattern to the three input channels.

Abstract: An automatic telephone number indicating device for connection within the tip or ring line of a telephone circuit of one party of a multi-party circuit for applying a ground mark in response to an interrogation signal from the telephone central office when the party having the device has taken the phone off hook including a current detection circuit connected within the remote telephone circuit for detecting a current caused by the phone being placed off hook. An enable circuit is triggered by the current detection circuit and is held triggered by a time constant circuit for a predetermined time period. A ground mark circuit connects the ground mark between the ground and the tip line or tip and ring lines. A voltage monitor circuit is rendered conductive in response to a voltage across the tip and ring lines, which disables the ground mark circuit. The central office interrogates the circuit by removing the voltage across the tip and ring lines thereby permitting the ground mark to be applied.

Abstract: A solid state remotely actuable switch is described for testing and remotely disconnecting a circuit. In one embodiment, a solid state bilateral switch such as a triac is connected in series with the remote circuit, and a trigger device such as a diac is connected between the gate of the triac and the remote circuit. The switch is placed within the tip and ring line of a telephone circuit for remotely disconnected the telephone subscriber's side for testing the remote circuit. In a second embodiment, a remotely actuable switch includes a field effect transistor connected in series with each tip and ring circuit, a resistance-capacitance time-constant circuit for energizing the FETs and a discharging means for discharging the capacitor of the resistance-capacitance circuit in response to the control signal from the central office. Various devices for disconnecting subscriber circuits are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for converting sea water or fresh water into hydrogen, oxygen and/or chlorine, by electrolysis using photovoltaic cells and solar energy as the energy source. The apparatus is designed to float in sea water or fresh water, with the photovoltaic cells disposed across its top constituting a solar cell panel. Below the solar panel there is provided a collecting chamber with a plurality of nickel-plated hydrogen collecting tubes vertically disposed and connected to the chamber at their upper ends. The tubes are open at their bottom ends, so that water may rise within the tubes. Electrolysis of the water within the vertical tubes, caused by the solar cell panel, in turn causes hydrogen to collect above the water within each tube, and the float to rise in the water as the hydrogen level increases. A solid state float valve operates a signal to indicate that the maximum hydrogen has been collected.