Abstract: A tunable optical electrowetting element having a liquid-liquid interface shape controlled by an applied voltage. Circuitry for applying a voltage to the electrowetting element is configured to apply a shaped voltage signal comprising a first fast-rising signal combined with a second fast-rising signal. The second signal is selected to damp oscillations in the liquid-liquid interface caused by the first signal.

Abstract: A system for high resolution multiphoton excitation microscopy is described herein. In one embodiment, the system may include an electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) prism optically coupled to an excitation source, the EWOD prism adapted or configured to: receive a light beam from the excitation source, and project the received light beam onto a sample plane based on a tunable transmission angle of the EWOD prism, and a fluorescence imaging microscope adapted or configured to: receive a fluorescence signal from the sample plane based on the projected light beam, and relay the fluorescence signal from the sample plane to a set of detectors.

Abstract: Methods and devices for real-time detection of fouling chemistry are described herein. In one aspect, a method of detecting and characterizing fouling of a membrane used for separation in a fluid-based system can include illuminating the membrane with one or more light sources, collecting Raman spectroscopy data from the membrane, and based on the Raman data, determining at least one selected from the group consisting of: presence or absence of membrane fouling, severity of membrane fouling, and composition of the membrane fouling, where the Raman spectroscopy is selected from the group consisting of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), and spontaneous Raman Scattering.

Abstract: Methods and devices for real-time detection of fouling chemistry are described herein. In one aspect, a method of detecting and characterizing fouling of a membrane used for separation in a fluid-based system can include illuminating the membrane with one or more light sources, collecting Raman spectroscopy data from the membrane, and based on the Raman data, determining at least one selected from the group consisting of: presence or absence of membrane fouling, severity of membrane fouling, and composition of the membrane fouling, where the Raman spectroscopy is selected from the group consisting of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS), Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS), and spontaneous Raman Scattering.

Abstract: A system for high resolution multiphoton excitation microscopy is described herein. In one embodiment, the system may include an electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) prism optically coupled to an excitation source, the EWOD prism adapted or configured to: receive a light beam from the excitation source, and project the received light beam onto a sample plane based on a tunable transmission angle of the EWOD prism, and a fluorescence imaging microscope adapted or configured to: receive a fluorescence signal from the sample plane based on the projected light beam, and relay the fluorescence signal from the sample plane to a set of detectors.

Abstract: A tunable optical electrowetting element having a liquid-liquid interface shape controlled by an applied voltage. Circuitry for applying a voltage to the electrowetting element is configured to apply a shaped voltage signal comprising a first fast-rising signal combined with a second fast-rising signal. The second signal is selected to damp oscillations in the liquid-liquid interface caused by the first signal.