Abstract: Devices and methods for forming a device are presented. The method includes providing a substrate prepared with a cell area separated by other active areas by isolation regions. First and second lower sub-gates of first and second transistors are formed in the cell area. A common upper sub-gate of the first and second transistors is formed. The common upper sub-gate and first and second lower sub-gates are separated by an intergate dielectric layer and the common upper sub-gate surrounds the first and second lower sub-gates.

Abstract: Devices and methods for forming a device are presented. The method includes providing a substrate prepared with a cell area separated by other active areas by isolation regions. First and second lower sub-gates of first and second transistors are formed in the cell area. A common upper sub-gate of the first and second transistors is formed. The common upper sub-gate and first and second lower sub-gates are separated by an intergate dielectric layer and the common upper sub-gate surrounds the first and second lower sub-gates.

Abstract: Devices and methods for forming a device are presented. The method includes providing a substrate prepared with a cell area separated by other active areas by isolation regions. First and second lower sub-gates of first and second transistors are formed in the cell area. A common upper sub-gate of the first and second transistors is formed. The common upper sub-gate and first and second lower sub-gates are separated by an intergate dielectric layer and the common upper sub-gate surrounds the first and second lower sub-gates.

Abstract: A solar cell according to the embodiment includes a substrate; a first electrode layer on a substrate; a light absorbing layer on the first electrode layer; a second electrode layer including a transmittive conductive material on the light absorbing layer; and a grid electrode including a transmittive conductive material on the second electrode layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for providing cosmetics customized for an individual customer, and more particularly, to a method and system for providing cosmetics customized for an individual customer, wherein customized cosmetics appropriate for skin condition or scalp and hair condition of the customer are produced using diagnostic data on the skin condition or scalp and hair condition of the customer and provided to the customer to thereby enhance customer's feeling of satisfaction. According to the present invention, there is provided a method for providing customized cosmetics appropriate for an individual customer using a microprocessor having information on standard cosmetic material mixing ratios in accordance with age groups and skin conditions of consumers as a database.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell apparatus and a method for manufacturing the same. The solar cell apparatus includes a support substrate, a first back electrode on the support substrate, a light absorbing part on the first back electrode, a high resistance buffer on the light absorbing part, and a barrier layer extending from the high resistance buffer and provided on a lateral side of the light absorbing part.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solar cell apparatus and a method for manufacturing the same. The solar cell apparatus includes a substrate, a back electrode layer on the substrate, a light absorbing layer on the back electrode layer, and a front electrode layer on the light absorbing layer. An outer lateral side of the back electrode layer is aligned on a plane different from a plane of an outer lateral side of the front electrode layer. In the solar cell apparatus, short is prevented between the back and front electrode layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an iontophoresis apparatus, and more particularly, to an iontophoresis apparatus detachable from a mask or patch, wherein after skin condition is previously diagnosed before an iontophoresis is performed, the amount of current is adjusted according to the skin condition to absorb effective components contained in functional cosmetics or medicines into the skin, and a plurality of electrode pairs are applied to use interference current generated between the electrode pairs thereby accelerating absorption of the effective components and improving the skin condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable clinical thermometer capable of providing visual images, and more particularly, to a portable clinical thermometer capable of providing visual images, which can take a body temperature, and simultaneously photographs a living body region where occurrence of a problem is suspected and then provides the photographed image such that any emergency can be handled easily. The portable clinical thermometer capable of providing visual images according to the present invention can be carried personally to measure a body temperature and obtain an inner image of the living body with a disease, which allows primary checking on the living body, so that the present invention may be distributed to individuals and medical institutions and promote the medical industry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an iontophoresis apparatus, and more particularly, to an iontophoresis apparatus detachable from a mask or patch, wherein after skin condition is previously diagnosed before an iontophoresis is performed, the amount of current is adjusted according to the skin condition to absorb effective components contained in functional cosmetics or medicines into the skin, and a plurality of electrode pairs are applied to use interference current generated between the electrode pairs thereby accelerating absorption of the effective components and improving the skin condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for providing cosmetics customized for an individual customer, and more particularly, to a method and system for providing cosmetics customized for an individual customer, wherein customized cosmetics appropriate for skin condition or scalp and hair condition of the customer are produced using diagnostic data on the skin condition or scalp and hair condition of the customer and provided to the customer to thereby enhance customer's feeling of satisfaction. According to the present invention, there is provided a method for providing customized cosmetics appropriate for an individual customer using a microprocessor having information on standard cosmetic material mixing ratios in accordance with age groups and skin conditions of consumers as a database.

Abstract: A method for preparation in a large quantity of human serum albumin-sensitized sheep erythrocytes is described. The sensitized cells are useful for detecting Hepatitis B virus pre-S.sub.2 antigen. The method uses human serum albumin sensitized glutaraldehyde-fixed, sheep erythrocytes in the presence of chromium chloride.