Abstract: Heat transfer devices, components thereof, and related methods are provided. Embodiments include heat transfer devices and/or heat transfer components including a spinodal structure having a bi-continuous topology obtained by modeling a spinodal decomposition process, wherein the spinodal structure having the bi-continuous topology is a spinodal shell structure or a spinodal solid structure. Embodiments include methods of making heat transfer devices and/or heat transfer components using additive manufacturing. Other further embodiments are provided in the present disclosure.

Abstract: Heat transfer devices, components thereof, and related methods are provided. Embodiments include heat transfer devices and/or heat transfer components including a spinodal structure having a bi-continuous topology obtained by modeling a spinodal decomposition process, wherein the spinodal structure having the bi-continuous topology is a spinodal shell structure or a spinodal solid structure. Embodiments include methods of making heat transfer devices and/or heat transfer components using additive manufacturing. Other further embodiments are provided in the present disclosure.

Abstract: A filter element comprises a membrane layer; and a feed spacer on the membrane layer, wherein the feed spacer comprises a plurality of unit cells arranged in three dimensions, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells comprises a cavity defined by a triply periodic minimal surface, and wherein the cavities of the plurality of unit cells are interconnected to allow a fluid to pass through the cavities of the plurality of unit cells.

Abstract: A filter element comprises a membrane layer; and a feed spacer on the membrane layer, wherein the feed spacer comprises a plurality of unit cells arranged in three dimensions, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells comprises a cavity defined by a triply periodic minimal surface, and wherein the cavities of the plurality of unit cells are interconnected to allow a fluid to pass through the cavities of the plurality of unit cells.

Abstract: Heat transfer devices, components thereof, and related methods are provided. Embodiments include heat transfer devices and/or heat transfer components including a spinodal structure having a bi-continuous topology obtained by modeling a spinodal decomposition process, wherein the spinodal structure having the bi-continuous topology is a spinodal shell structure or a spinodal solid structure. Embodiments include methods of making heat transfer devices and/or heat transfer components using additive manufacturing. Other further embodiments are provided in the present disclosure.

Abstract: A filter element comprises a membrane layer; and a feed spacer on the membrane layer, wherein the feed spacer comprises a plurality of unit cells arranged in three dimensions, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells comprises a cavity defined by a triply periodic minimal surface, and wherein the cavities of the plurality of unit cells are interconnected to allow a fluid to pass through the cavities of the plurality of unit cells.

Abstract: A filter element comprises a membrane layer; and a feed spacer on the membrane layer, wherein the feed spacer comprises a plurality of unit cells arranged in three dimensions, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells comprises a cavity defined by a triply periodic minimal surface, and wherein the cavities of the plurality of unit cells are interconnected to allow a fluid to pass through the cavities of the plurality of unit cells.

Abstract: Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) structures including triply periodic minimal surfaces and methods of forming the IPC structures are provided. The IPC structures may include unit cells connected to each other and arranged in three-dimensions. Each of the unit cells may include an IPC that consists of a first portion having a first volume and a second portion having a second volume. The first portion of the IPC may be substantially filled with a reinforcing material. A surface of the reinforcing material facing the second portion of the IPC may be a triply periodic minimal surface. A first one of the unit cells has a first ratio of the first volume to the second volume, a second one of the unit cells has a second ratio of the first volume to the second volume, and the first ratio and the second ratio may be different from each other.

Abstract: A filter element comprises a membrane layer; and a feed spacer on the membrane layer, wherein the feed spacer comprises a plurality of unit cells arranged in three dimensions, wherein each of the plurality of unit cells comprises a cavity defined by a triply periodic minimal surface, and wherein the cavities of the plurality of unit cells are interconnected to allow a fluid to pass through the cavities of the plurality of unit cells.