Abstract: A system and method for treatment of a wastewater fluid is described. The system includes a gas supply system to provide a process gas into the wastewater fluid, a pulsed electrical-power generator to generate high electrical voltage pulses and a reactor apparatus pneumatically coupled to the gas supply system, and electrically coupled to the pulsed electrical-power generator. The reactor apparatus is configured to produce a plurality of gas microbubbles of the process gas injected into the wastewater fluid supplied into the reactor apparatus for the treatment, and to apply the high electrical voltage pulses generated by the pulsed electrical-power generator to said plurality of the microbubbles. The high electrical voltage pulses have energy sufficient to create a plasma glow discharge within the plurality of the microbubbles, and in an interface of the microbubbles with the wastewater fluid.

Abstract: A wastewater plant and method for treatment of wastewater sludge or other wastewater fluids are described. The wastewater plant utilizes an electrical discharge system configured for receiving a wastewater fluid, and generating a transient voltage and arcing electric current pulse through the received wastewater fluid to create an electro-hydraulic shock wave within the wastewater fluid accompanied by a high electric field, intensive heat and light radiation.

Abstract: A wastewater plant and method for treatment of wastewater sludge or other wastewater fluids are described. The wastewater plant utilizes an electrical discharge system configured for receiving a wastewater fluid, and generating a transient voltage and arcing electric current pulse through the received wastewater fluid to create an electro-hydraulic shock wave within the wastewater fluid accompanied by a high electric field, intensive heat and light radiation.

Abstract: A system and method for treatment of a contaminated liquid is described. The system includes a high voltage supply device, a general capacitor bank, one or more general limiting member, such as general switch devices or general resister devices, coupled to the high voltage supply device and to the general capacitor bank. The system further includes one or more working capacitor banks coupled to the general capacitor bank through the general limiting member, and one or more working switches arranged in series with the corresponding working capacitor bank. The system also includes one or more potential electrodes and grounded electrodes immersed in the contaminated liquid and coupled to the working capacitor banks for providing an electric discharge through the contaminated liquid.

Abstract: A system and method for treatment of a contaminated liquid is described. The system includes a high voltage supply device, a general capacitor bank, one or more general limiting member, such as general switch devices or general resister devices, coupled to the high voltage supply device and to the general capacitor bank. The system further includes one or more working capacitor banks coupled to the general capacitor bank through the general limiting member, and one or more working switches arranged in series with the corresponding working capacitor bank. The system also includes one or more potential electrodes and grounded electrodes immersed in the contaminated liquid and coupled to the working capacitor banks for providing an electric discharge through the contaminated liquid.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a metallurgical bond. A first metal workpiece (10) and one or more second metal workpieces (15) are brought into proximity to one another such that a first portion (12) of the first workpiece (10) is in general overlying relationship with a second portion (17) of the one or more second workpieces (15). A suitable material (99) is provided between said first portion (12) and said second portion (17), said material (99) being in the form of particles or foil. At least a first part of said first workpiece (10) comprising said first portion (12) is forced toward said a part of the one or more second workpiece (15) comprising said second portion (17) by means of any one of a suitable high pressure joining process (95) and a high speed joining process, such as to cause the said first metal workpiece (10) and said one or more second metal workpieces (15) to become joined or welded to one another to form a metallurgical bond therebetween.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a metallurgical bond. A first metal workpiece (10) and one or more second metal workpieces (15) are brought into proximity to one another such that a first portion (12) of the first workpiece (10) is in general overlying relationship with a second portion (17) of the one or more second workpieces (15). A suitable material (99) is provided between said first portion (12) and said second portion (17), said material (99) being in the form of particles or foil.

Abstract: A pulsed magnetic method of sealing a vessel is provided. The method includes providing a vessel's body having at least one open end, providing a cover having a welding part. The welding part of the cover is placed over the open end of the vessel's body to overlap at least a portion of the vessel's body, thereby to define an air gap between the portion of the vessel's body and the welding part of the cover. A welding induction coil is provided around the vessel's body at least at the place where the welding part of the cover is located. The welding induction coil is energized to generate a pulsed magnetic force sufficient to cause bending the welding part of the cover in the air gap in a radially inward direction around the portion of the vessel's body.

Abstract: A bimetallic connecting element has a first part made from a first metal, and a portion of this part is adapted for being attached to a structure. A second portion of this part has a peripheral wall defining a cavity. A second part of the connector is made from a second metal, and has a third portion concentrically received with respect to the cavity and fixed with respect to the first part by means of a pulse magnetic forming (PMF) process, in which the peripheral wall is impacted onto said third portion. The second part of the connector has a fourth portion adapted for attaching thereto a component made from a third metal. The structure onto which the connector is to be fixed, typically by welding, is made from a fourth metal that is weld-compatible with said first metal. A method is also disclosed for connecting a bimetallic connector to a structure to enable a component made from a metal that is not compatible with the structure to be connected to the structure.

Abstract: An apparatus (30) and method for forming of a vehicle's driveshaft (32) is provided which makes use of a PMF process. The coil device used in the PMF apparatus is assembled around the shaft from two or more coil sections (40, 41, 43; 42, 44, 45) firmly attached to one another, and which may be disassembled from one another to allow to remove the formed driveshaft (32).

Abstract: A method and a welding induction coil for sealing a vessel are provided. The method includes providing a vessel's body having an open end a cover including a welding part and a brim part. A diameter of the cover at the welding part is less than the inner diameter of the vessel's body for providing an air gap between the vessel's body and the welding part. The cover is placed within said open end of the vessel's body. A welding induction coil is provided around the vessel's body at the place where the welding part of the cover is located. The welding induction coil is energized to generate a pulsed magnetic force sufficient to cause bending a portion of the vessel's body in a radially inward direction around the cover in the air gap. The pulsed magnetic force has such a value so to provide mutual diffusion of atoms of the vessel's body and the cover at their impact, thereby to weld the vessel's body and the cover to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus (30) and method for forming of a vehicle's driveshaft (32) is provided which makes use of a PMF process. The coil device used in the PMF apparatus is assembled around the shaft from two or more coil sections (40, 41, 43; 42, 44, 45) firmly attached to one another, and which may be disassembled from one another to allow to remove the formed driveshaft (32).

Abstract: A metal plate is formed in a process comprising cutting, perforating or both, by forcing the plate, by means of an abrupt and intense force towards a mold having openings or boundaries defined by wall sections which extend essentially normal to the forming plane of the mold. Consequently, the plate is cut along the edges of the openings or boundaries. The force may be a pulsed magnetic force or may be a force generated as a result of the discharge of electric current through a fluid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inducing a physical change in at least one metal workpiece are provided. Energy is applied to at least a portion of the metal workpiece, the energy being a combination of energies of at least two distinct sources. One of these energies is a pulsed magnetic force (PMF) energy which induces a rapid movement in a portion of the metal workpiece. The second energy is one which acts synergistically with the first energy to impart the desired physical change.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a generally planar metal plate into a dish with a three-dimensional pattern is provided. The apparatus comprises a mold having a forming surface with a contour corresponding to said three-dimensional pattern, and having edges corresponding to boundaries of the dish, which edges are defined by side walls essentially perpendicular to the forming plane; a forming device comprising a fluid basin and pairs of electric discharge members within the fluid and having an opening facing the mold to allow transmission of a pressure wave from the fluid to the metal plate; and an electric discharge circuitry for discharging a short and intense electric current through the pairs of electric discharge members generating an electric spark or breakdown within the fluid to yield formation of plasma, vapor or both.

Abstract: An electromagnetic forming apparatus for forming an essentially planar metal plate into a dish having a three-dimensional pattern, is provided. The apparatus comprises a mould having a forming surface with a contour corresponding to said three-dimensional pattern; a forming coil device; and an electric discharge circuitry for discharging a short and intense electric current pulse through the forming coil device to yield a pulsed magnetic forming (PMF) force for deforming said plate.

Abstract: A method of joining or welding of at least a portion of a first metal workpiece to at least a portion of one or more second metal workpieces, comprising inducing movement in said portion of the first workpiece by means of a pulsed magnetic force so as to impact said portion of the second workpiece, the movement imparting a kinetic energy on the at least portion of the first workpiece to cause the two at least portions to join or weld to one another.

Abstract: A novel apparatus for pulse magnetic forming of a tubular workpiece is provided. The apparatus forms functionally a single wind coil and is particularly suitable for joining or welding of a tube onto another tube or a cylindrical object.

Abstract: A method of joining or welding of at least a portion of a first metal workpiece to at least a portion of one or more second metal workpieces, comprising inducing movement in said portion of the first workpiece by means of a pulsed magnetic force so as to impact said portion of the second workpiece, the movement imparting a kinetic energy on the at least portion of the first workpiece to cause the two at least portions to join or weld to one another.