Abstract: A pressure-sensing transducer which can be used to continuously measure the pressure in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine comprising a pressure-transmitting element which includes a generally tubular seat and a metallic plate which closes off a top end of the seat, an M-shaped force-transmitting member which spans across the top end of the seat, the outer legs of the M-shaped member being connected to opposite portions of the top end of the seat and the inner legs being connected to the center of the metallic plate, and a magnetoelastic force-sensing member connected between the outer legs of the M-shaped member, such that pressure-generated forces applied to the metallic plate from within the generally tubular seat are transformed into a tensile force acting on the force-sensing member in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis through the generally tubular seat.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for attaching a transducer to an object having characteristics to be measured. At least two attachment elements each including a number of pointed members are interconnected by a sensing element. Each attachment element includes a movable wedge member and at least one fixed wedge member whereby initial movement of the movable wedge member with respect to the fixed wedge member subjects said pointed members to a pressure force of a specified magnitude to press the pointed members into the surface of the object. Further movement of the movable wedge member with respect to the fixed wedge member generates a holding force on the pointed members less than the initial pressure force to hold each attachment element in engagement with the object regardless of transverse forces acting on the attachment elements.

Abstract: A torque transducer for measuring the torque in the outgoing crankshaft of automobile engines comprises two two-pole magnetic cores, arranged perpendicular to each other, with coils around the poles. The coils of one core are adapted to be supplied with alternating current for generation of an alternating field in the surface of the shaft. The second core with its coils is adapted to sense the changes in the alternating field which are caused by the torque of the engine. The poles of the primary core are located opposite to diametrically opposed points on the crankshaft.

Abstract: A transducer for magneto-elastic stress measurement is formed of a holder and a core of magneto-elastic material provided with coils to generate a flux in and sense flux alterations produced by stresses of the core. The core is formed of one or more plates firmly attached to the holder and designed to be attached to the measuring object. The core may consist of a single plate attached to the holder at four symmetrical points, or of a cross having four arms the ends of which are welded to a frame of magnetic material which is secured to the holder. The holder may also be in the form of a casing of magnetic material which protects the core and coils and serves as a magnetic return path for the fluxes. For applications where disturbing magnetic fields may occur in the measuring object, the casing is preferably made of non-magnetic material and provided with a frame of magnetic material as a return path for the flux.

Abstract: In ordr to measure deformations of magnetic material which is being cold-rolled a plurality of magnetoelastic stress-sensing transducers are used, each of which has two U-shaped magnetic cores provided with windings and crossing each other perpendicularly. The cores are mounted with their pole surfaces spaced from the strip being rolled and with the cores making an angle of 45.degree. with the longitudinal direction of the strip. The individual transducers are screened from each other by a screen of magnetic material positioned axially symmetrically around each transducer, so as to prevent adjacent transducers from magnetically affecting each other except through the field in the measuring object and the leakage field in the air gap between the measuring device and the object. The transducers are mutually displaceably arranged along a line crosswise of the strip. Between the transducers and the measuring object there is a protective plate of non-magnetic material with very high resistivity.

Abstract: A transducer including four pins arranged at the corners of a square and provided with exciting and sensing windings are fixed either to the surface of a body of magnetic material to measure stresses therein or to a plate of magnetic material fixed to the body where the body is of non-magnetic material or has undesirable magnetic characteristics.

Abstract: In measuring mechanical stresses in an object of hardened and tempered steel with a magnetic transducer of the type which comprises a magnetizing circuit for generating a magnetic field in the object and a measuring circuit for sensing the changes in the magnetic field which occur in the object when it is subjected to mechanical forces, in order to reduce the creep of the measuring signal which occurs in the case of continuous feeding, the magnetizing circuit is energize with energy in the form of AC pulses of a pulse length between 20 and 120 milliseconds.

Abstract: A magnetoelastic shear force measuring means for measuring shear stresses in tubular axles, preferably in aircraft landing gear axles, comprises two shear stress transducers. Each transducer has one iron core with winding to generate a magnetic field in the measuring object and a second iron core with winding to sense the field alterations generated in the measuring object by shear stresses. The two transducers are combined to form a measuring unit which is inserted in the tubular axle. The windings on the cores of the transducers are connected in such a way that the shear signals are added and signals from any torsion occurring are subtracted from each other.