Abstract: The invention discloses a wireless underwater IOT (Internet of Things) system. The underwater IOT system comprises a deep-water sensor with fast underwater wireless communication built in a deep-water drone. The underwater sensor and drone are used as a node unit. The underwater IOT system is formed by the sensor with wireless communication built into an aquatic underwater vehicle. It is designed with blue LED with a receive and transfer data module. This is used as an information transfer component between both node units. The information is then relayed to a phone or website application.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enhancing resiliency of a power system (e.g., an energy cyber-physical system (ECPS)) against cyber-attacks are provided. An internet of things (IoT)-based digital twin (DT) for cyber-physical networked microgrids (NMGs) can be implemented to be a centric oversight for the NMG system. A cloud system can host the controllers (cyber things) and the sensors (physical things) of the power system into the cloud IoT core in terms of the IoT shadow. The DT can cover the digital replica for the physical layer, the cyber layer(s), and their hybrid interactions.

Abstract: Adaptive protection methods and systems for protecting agains) extreme fault currents in a power system are provided. Communication capabilities and protocols defined in IEC 61850 can be used to provide smart cascading switching actions for removing the fault from the power system. A supervisory protection algorithm can be used, and the protection can be activated if the fault current is higher than a breaking capacity of the circuit breakers of the power system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for security in power systems are provided. A security-aware distributed control framework for resilient operation of power systems can detect and mitigate different types of attacks that might target power systems. The framework can discover a change in the features of transmitted data from neighbor agents, discard an infected agent, and achieve an updated consensus protocol agreement while satisfying a control system objective.

Abstract: Methods and systems for real-time, in-service, non-intrusive condition monitoring of turn-to-turn faults (TTFs) of an induction motor stator in a drive system. A time-domain-based signal processing technique, mathematical morphology, can be used for condition monitoring based on the radiated electromagnetic (EM) field from the induction motor. The vector control technique implemented to drive the induction motor can be direct torque control, and the mathematical morphology technique can detect incipient TTFs based on the radiated magnetic field.

Abstract: A bidirectional inductive and conductive electrical apparatus can include: an inverter including a first inverter leg, a second inverter leg, and a control switch disposed between a first upper node of the first inverter leg and a second upper node of the second inverter leg; and an inductor component connecting a first middle node the first inverter leg and a second middle node of the second inverter leg, the control switch configured to connect the first upper node to the second upper node under an ON state during inductive power transfer and configured to disconnect the first upper node from the second upper node under an OFF state during conductive power transfer.

Abstract: A three phase inverter can include: a first converter and a second converter connected to an input source in parallel, respectively; a first single phase inverter connected to the first converter through a first inverter first input node and a first inverter second input node and providing a first inverter first output node and a first inverter second output node; a second single phase inverter connected to the second converter through a second inverter first input node and a second inverter second input node and providing a second inverter first output node and a second inverter second output node; and a common output node connected to the first inverter first output node and the second inverter first output node.

Abstract: Methods and systems for an electric vehicle charging decision support system are provided. A system can include: a higher level agent configured to be connected to an energy grid and to receive a charging request from an electric vehicle and transmit the charging request to a virtual block agent; and a plurality of charging station agents connected to an energy service provider, the energy grid, and the virtual block agent. The virtual block agent can be configured to receive a respective power set-point and availability from the plurality of charging station agents and transmit a recommended energy price charged at a respective charging station to the energy service provider. The recommended price can maximize a probability of an electric vehicle agent choosing a particular charging station. The system facilitates a win-win situation for the mutual and simultaneous benefit of electric vehicles and the power grid.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for ensuring data integrity and security for communications over a wide area network in smart power systems are provided. These can be particularly helpful in sub station-to-sub station and sub station-to-control-center communications, for example when a fast and secure method is required to transfer critical messages over the network such as generic object oriented substation event messages. In addition to guaranteeing data integrity, methods and apparatuses provide reliable security algorithms based on the concept of sequence hopping.

Abstract: A modular quasi-resonant inverter can include: a first resonant inverter unit including a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal, and fourth terminal; a second resonant inverter unit including a fifth terminal, a sixth terminal, a seventh terminal, and an eighth terminal; and an input capacitor connected between the first terminal and the second terminal. The first terminal and the fifth terminal can be configured such that a first source is connected between the first terminal and the fifth terminal, and the third terminal and the fourth terminal can be configured such that a second source is connected between the third terminal and the fourth terminal. The second terminal, the fourth terminal, the sixth terminal, and the eighth terminal can be configured to be electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detection of spoofed sensor measurements in a microgrid are provided. A system can include a control agent that is configured to determine whether an isolated or continuing intrusion of measurement data received from the primary sensors has occurred, and transmit forecasted measurement data to the controller rather than suspected corrupt measurement data for a suspected isolated intrusion. The control agent and a clone agent can be configured to communicate and work in parallel to confirm a continuing intrusion is occurring, and the control agent can be further configured to transmit measurement data from the redundant sensors to the controller if a continuing intrusion is confirmed.

Abstract: A three phase inverter can include: a first converter and a second converter connected to an input source in parallel, respectively; a first single phase inverter connected to the first converter through a first inverter first input node and a first inverter second input node and providing a first inverter first output node and a first inverter second output node; a second single phase inverter connected to the second converter through a second inverter first input node and a second inverter second input node and providing a second inverter first output node and a second inverter second output node; and a common output node connected to the first inverter first output node and the second inverter first output node.

Abstract: A bidirectional inductive and conductive electrical apparatus can include: an inverter including a first inverter leg, a second inverter leg, and a control switch disposed between a first upper node of the first inverter leg and a second upper node of the second inverter leg; and an inductor component connecting a first middle node the first inverter leg and a second middle node of the second inverter leg, the control switch configured to connect the first upper node to the second upper node under an ON state during inductive power transfer and configured to disconnect the first upper node from the second upper node under an OFF state during conductive power transfer.

Abstract: A power converter can include: a first power terminal and a second power terminal; a first upper series-stacked high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) module connected to the first power terminal and a first intermediate terminal; a first lower series-stacked HEMT module connected to the second power terminal and the first intermediate terminal; a first inductor connected to the first intermediate terminal and a third power terminal; and a fourth power terminal connected to the second power terminal. Each of the first upper and first lower series-stacked HEMT modules can have a first plurality of HEMTs and a first series-switch-driver connected to each gate of the first plurality of HEMTs.

Abstract: A microgrid energy management system can include: a bus providing a power; a transmission line connected to the bus; a relay connected to the transmission line, sensing a microgrid according to a state of the transmission line, adjusting a relay setting, and generating a trip signal representing the relay setting; and a circuit breaker receiving the trip signal. In addition, the microgrid energy management system further includes an energy storage device connected to the bus.

Abstract: A multi-drain power module can include: a plurality of gallium-nitride (GaN) transistor dies connected to each other in series; a plurality of drain terminals, each drain terminal being respectively connected to the drain of a GaN transistor die; a series-switch-driver (SSD) connected to the gate of each GaN transistor die; a gate terminal connected to the SSD; a source terminal connected to a first source of a first GaN transistor die of the plurality of GaN transistor dies; a package encapsulating the plurality of GaN transistor dies and the SSD, and exposing the plurality of drain terminals, the gate terminal, and the source terminal.

Abstract: A two layer predictive controller for bidirectional inductive power transfer can include: a first layer controller generating a mutual inductance and a reference active power; and a second layer controller receiving the mutual inductance and the reference active power, and generating a primary phase shift, a secondary phase shift, and a differential phase shift; the primary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of a primary inverter; the secondary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of a secondary inverter; and the differential phase shift being a phase difference between the output voltage of the primary inverter and the output voltage of the secondary inverter.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed for flexible, secure energy management that enable control of individual devices in a customer site's energy infrastructure, which can allow optimization (e.g., by minimizing energy cost or usage) across the infrastructure. A system management component may centralize optimization and control capabilities across the energy infrastructure by determining an energy model and directing consumption, storage, and energy draw activities for the totality of the energy infrastructure devices. Systems may include modular, secure terminal devices that can be attached to or paired with the devices in an energy infrastructure in order to provide input data such as power load metrics, as well as to control the operation of the devices. A dynamic, adaptive prediction of system parameters, such as future demand, cost, generation capacity, and other metrics, may be provided. Dynamic, adaptive prediction may be performed without detailed historical usage data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include methods and apparatuses for securing data transfer in power-system automation and smart grids. Embodiments of the present invention can be particularly helpful in securing GOOSE messages. A method of securing data transfer according to an embodiment of the present invention can include a message sequence synchronization and monitoring server (MSSMS) providing random seeds to a publisher intelligent electronic device (IED) and a subscriber IED, both having a pseudo random number generators (PRNGs), inputting the random seeds into the PRNG of the publisher IED and generating a publisher sequence hopping number, sending a message to the subscriber IED with the publisher sequence hopping number attached, and determining if the message is valid by comparing the message attached publisher sequence hopping number to a subscriber sequence hopping number generated by the subscriber PRNG.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are disclosed for individually controlling energy storage devices in an array of devices. An energy storage regulation unit (ESRU) is described that enables the connection of an energy storage device to a system load bus and a charging/diagnostic bus such that the energy storage device may be individually charged and/or disconnected for maintenance. The ESRU comprises switches for selectively connecting the system load bus circuit, charging circuit, or a bypass circuit. An energy storage regulator is further described for enabling the control of one or more ESRUs. A regulator controller may receive sensor or measurement data from the ESRUs connected to the energy storage regulator, and may also issue control instructions that control the switches of the individual ESRUs. Measurement data can include, for example, voltage, current, or temperature information relating to a specific ESRU.