Abstract: A stick-type cosmetic includes a solid wax whose content is more than or equal to 5% by weight and less than or equal to 8% by weight, wherein hardness of the stick-type cosmetic is more than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.4, and gloss of the stick-type cosmetic is more than or equal to 30.

Abstract: A bi-level image is pre-processed by dividing the image into rectangular blocks, and rearranging the dots in each rectangular block into a pattern determined by the density of black dots in the block. The resulting rearranged image is suitable for further processing such as resolution conversion or compressive encoding.

Abstract: A compression and encoding system for bi-level image data determines the available memory capacity of a receiving device, then compresses and encodes the image data with successively increasing compression ratios until encoded data not exceeding the memory capacity of the receiving device are obtained. Preferably, the image is divided into rectangular blocks, and successive bit planes are generated on the basis of the number of dark picture elements in each block, and on the basis of adjacency relationships among like-valued picture elements in each block. Feedback may be employed to adjust the darkness of certain compressed blocks according to the darkness of the preceding block.