Abstract: A piezoelectric film producing process includes depositing a piezoelectric body in a mixed atmosphere of N2 gas and Ar gas by using a sputtering method, using an Al—Cu alloy as deposition material.

Abstract: A piezoelectric film producing process includes depositing a piezoelectric body in a mixed atmosphere of N2 gas and Ar gas by using a sputtering method, using an Al—Cu alloy as deposition material.

Abstract: A resonator element includes a base portion, a pair of vibrating arms that are integrally provided with the base portion and extend in a Y-axis direction from a distal end of the base portion, and a supporting arm that is integrally provided with the base portion, is positioned between the vibrating arms, and extends in the Y-axis direction from the distal end of the base portion. A first fixation portion is provided in one principal surface of the base portion, and a second fixation portion is provided in one principal surface of the supporting arm. The resonator element is fixed to an object through fixation members, by the first fixation portion and the second fixation portion.

Abstract: A MEMS vibrator includes a substrate, a lower electrode provided on a main surface of the substrate, a fixed portion provided on the main surface, and an upper electrode which is separated from the substrate and is supported by the fixed portion. The upper electrode is a vibrating body having a region overlapping the lower electrode when the substrate is seen in plan view, and includes a weight portion in a region provided with an antinode portion of vibration of the upper electrode as the vibrating body.

Abstract: A MEMS vibrator includes: a vibrating portion; an electrode portion provided to face the vibrating portion with a gap therebetween; and a support portion extended in a first direction from the vibrating portion. The vibrating portion includes a functional portion having a different thickness viewed from the first direction.

Abstract: A resonator element includes a base portion which includes one end portion and the other end portion opposing the one end portion in a plan view, and a pair of vibrating arms which extend along a first direction from the one end portion of the base portion. The base portion includes a reduced width portion in which a width is gradually decreased along a second direction intersecting the first direction toward a direction side which is separated from the base portion along the first direction, in at least one of the one end portion and the other end portion, and a fixing portion is provided between the one end portion and the other end portion of the base portion.

Abstract: A method of forming an inorganic alignment film made substantially of an inorganic material on a base substrate is provided comprising a milling process of irradiating ion beams onto the surface of the base substrate, on which the inorganic alignment film is to be formed, from a direction inclined at a predetermined angle ?b with respect to a direction vertical to the surface, and a film-forming process of forming the inorganic alignment film on the base substrate onto which the ion beams are irradiated. In the milling process, the predetermined angle ?b is preferably 2° or more. In the milling process, an acceleration voltage of the ion beams during the irradiation of the ion beams is preferably 400 to 1400 V.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment, a bubble column-type slurry bed Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction process can be provided, in which synthesis gas supplied continuously from the bottom of a reactor contacts suspended catalyst particles to form liquid hydrocarbons, gaseous hydrocarbons and water. Additionally, a slurry of suspended liquid products and catalyst particles can move from the reactor to the lower portion of a separation vessel to separate the catalyst particles and gaseous products. Further, a process can be provided in which the liquid products formed are sent to the separation vessel a process in which liquid products can be derived. Additionally, a process can be provided in which a slurry in which catalyst particles are concentrated is derived from the bottom of the separation vessel and circulated to the bottom of the reactor, are driven by the driving force of synthesis gas without using an external drive power source.

Abstract: A radioisotope is produced through any of the following reactions using a target material: (1) (n, 2n) reaction: two-neutron pickup reaction induced by neutrons, (2) (n, 3n) reaction: three-neutron pickup reaction induced by neutrons, (3) (n, n?) reaction: neutron inelastic scattering reaction, (4) (n, p) reaction: one proton-pickup reaction induced by neutrons, (5) (n, np) reaction: one neutron- and one proton-pickup reaction induced by neutrons, (6) (n, 4He) reaction: one 4He-pickup reaction induced by neutrons.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst which, in the FT process, exhibits a high chain growth probability, and a high catalytic activity, can stably and smoothly promote the reaction, exhibits a high productivity of C5+, and can efficiently produce liquid hydrocarbons, and a process therefore. The invention relates to a hydrocarbon-producing catalyst obtainable by supporting a ruthenium compound on a support composed of a manganese oxide and an aluminum oxide, and which satisfies at least one of characteristics (1) and (2): (1) the catalyst being treated with an aqueous alkaline solution and subsequently subjected to calcination treatment in the air at 150 to 500° C., (2) the aluminum oxide being an aluminum oxide wherein pore volume formed by pores having a pore diameter of 8 nm or more accounts for 50% or more of total pore volume.

Abstract: A bubble column-type slurry bed reaction system is provided in which an operating system, which synthesizes liquid hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reaction and separates and derives a catalyst and liquid hydrocarbon products from a slurry composed of gas, liquid and solid phases, can be simplified, and deterioration of catalyst particles caused by attrition and so forth can be reduced.

Abstract: Synthesis gas for FT synthesis is produced using a producing apparatus including an active carbon adsorbing vessel for adsorbing impurities in a natural gas, a hydro-desulfurizer for hydrogenating and desulfurizing sulfur content in the natural gas under a condition of a partial pressure of hydrogen of 100 to 200 kPa, a second hydrogen supplying line for supplying hydrogen to the natural gas between the hydro-desulfurizer and a reactor, the reactor for obtaining synthesis gas by reacting the natural gas, carbon dioxide and steam in the presence of a catalyst for reforming, and a heat recovering boiler for cooling the synthesis gas at a cooling rate of 2000 to 4000° C./second.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst which, in the FT process, exhibits a high chain growth probability, and a high catalytic activity, can stably and smoothly promote the reaction, exhibits a high productivity of C5+, and can efficiently produce liquid hydrocarbons, and a process therefor. The invention relates to a hydrocarbon-producing catalyst obtainable by supporting a ruthenium compound on a support composed of a manganese oxide and an aluminum oxide, and which satisfies at least one of characteristics (1) and (2): (1) the catalyst being treated with an aqueous alkaline solution and subsequently subjected to calcination treatment in the air at 150 to 500° C., (2) the aluminum oxide being an aluminum oxide wherein pore volume formed by pores having a pore diameter of 8 nm or more accounts for 50% or more of total pore volume.

Abstract: A method of forming an inorganic alignment film on a base substrate is provided comprising forming a film made substantially of an inorganic material on the base substrate, and irradiating ion beams onto the surface of the film from a direction inclined at a predetermined angle ?b with respect to the direction vertical to the surface. By irradiating the ion beams onto the film, concave portions having a predetermined directivity are formed on the film. The predetermined angle ?b is preferably 2° or more.

Abstract: A method of forming an inorganic alignment film on a base substrate is provided comprising forming a film made substantially of an inorganic material on the base substrate, and irradiating ion beams onto the surface of the film from a direction inclined at a predetermined angle ?b with respect to the direction vertical to the surface. By irradiating the ion beams onto the film, concave portions having a predetermined directivity are formed on the film. The predetermined angle ?b is preferably 2° or more.

Abstract: A method of forming an inorganic alignment film is provided comprising a first milling step of irradiating ion beams to a surface of a base substrate, on which the inorganic alignment film is to be formed, from a direction inclined at a predetermined angle ?a with respect to a direction orthogonal to the surface of the base substrate, a film-forming step of forming a film made substantially of an inorganic material on the base substrate to which the ion beams are irradiated, and a second milling step of irradiating ion beams to a surface of the film from a direction inclined at a predetermined angle ?b with respect to the direction orthogonal to the surface of the film.

Abstract: Synthesis gas for FT synthesis is produced using a producing apparatus including an active carbon adsorbing vessel for adsorbing impurities in a natural gas, a hydro-desulfurizer for hydrogenating and desulfurizing sulfur content in the natural gas under a condition of a partial pressure of hydrogen of 100 to 200 kPa, a second hydrogen supplying line for supplying hydrogen to the natural gas between the hydro-desulfurizer and a reactor, the reactor for obtaining synthesis gas by reacting the natural gas, carbon dioxide and steam in the presence of a catalyst for reforming, and a heat recovering boiler for cooling the synthesis gas at a cooling rate of 2000 to 4000° C./second.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrocarbons, comprising: (I) subjecting to a reduction treatment a catalyst comprising a carrier having provided thereon: 0.1 to 10% by mass of at least one metal selected from an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal and the Group III in the periodic table and 1 to 30% by mass of ruthenium, each based on the catalyst weight, the carrier comprising an aluminum oxide and a manganese oxide having an average number of charges of manganese of exceeding Mn2+, and the catalyst having a specific surface area of from 60 to 350 m2/g and a bulk density of from 0.8 to 1.8 g/ml; (II) dispersing the catalyst in liquid hydrocarbons in a concentration of from 1 to 50 w/v %; and (III) bringing the catalyst into contact with a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a pressure of from 1 to 10 MPa, and (i) at a reaction temperature of from 170 to 300° C.

Abstract: A method of preparing a ceramic artificial crown by applying at least one kind of dental porcelain onto the surface of a ceramic core molded by heating and softening a ceramic material and putting it into a mold with the application of pressure followed by firing wherein said mold is the one formed by burning a wax pattern after having removed a crucible former from an assembly which makes it possible to efficiently prepare a fully ceramic artificial crown of a high quality in a short period of time.

Abstract: A method of forming an inorganic alignment film on a base substrate is provided comprising forming a film made substantially of an inorganic material on the base substrate, and irradiating ion beams onto the surface of the film from a direction inclined at a predetermined angle ?b with respect to the direction vertical to the surface. By irradiating the ion beams onto the film, concave portions having a predetermined directivity are formed on the film. The predetermined angle ?b is preferably 2° or more.