Abstract: Provided are an authentication device using a true random number generating element or a pseudo-random number generating element, for example, a USB token, an authentication apparatus using the same, an authentication method, an authentication system and the like. In the authentication system, the authentication device is prepared on a user side, and one code generated in the authentication device is used to encrypt another code. The authentication apparatus registers the codes and decrypts the encrypted code sent from the authentication device by using the registered codes to perform an authentication.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for generating a pseudo-random number which is unpredictable and which has a small memory work area, and also a method and apparatus for encrypting data, for each predetermined amount, based on the generated pseudo-random number. A seed is divided into a predetermined number of blocks, new blocks are created by calculating an exclusive-OR of the blocks being different from each other, and the new blocks are merged to generate a new pseudo-random number. The data is encrypted for each determined amount based on the generated pseudo-random number. At this time, a pseudo-random number to be used for the succeeding encryption is generated by using as a seed a predetermined amount of random number of the pseudo-random number used for the preceding encryption of the predetermined amount of data.

Abstract: Provided are an authentication device using a true random number generating element or a pseudo-random number generating element, for example, a USB token, an authentication apparatus using the same, an authentication method, an authentication system and the like. In the authentication system, the authentication device is prepared on a user side, and one code generated in the authentication device is used to encrypt another code. The authentication apparatus registers the codes and decrypts the encrypted code sent from the authentication device by using the registered codes to perform an authentication.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for generating a pseudo-random number which is unpredictable and which has a small memory work area, and also a method and apparatus for encrypting data, for each predetermined amount, based on the generated pseudo-random number. A seed is divided into a predetermined number of blocks, new blocks are created by calculating an exclusive-OR of the blocks being different from each other, and the new blocks are merged to generate a new pseudo-random number. The data is encrypted for each determined amount based on the generated pseudo-random number. At this time, a pseudo-random number to be used for the succeeding encryption is generated by using as a seed a predetermined amount of random number of the pseudo-random number used for the preceding encryption of the predetermined amount of data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a swirling-type melting furnace for gasifying combustible wastes and/or coal, and a method of gasifying wastes by the swirling-type melting furnace. In the swirling-type melting furnace (5), gaseous materials supplied to a combustion chamber (6) form a swirling flow which includes an outer swirling flow primarily containing particulate combustibles and an inner swirling flow primarily containing gaseous combustibles. Oxygen is supplied through an inner wall of the combustion chamber (6) to the outer swirling flow primarily containing the particulate combustibles for thereby accelerating gasification of the particulate combustibles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a swirling-type melting furnace for gasifying combustible wastes and/or coal, and a method of gasifying wastes by the swirling-type melting furnace. In the swirling-type melting furnace (5), gaseous materials supplied to a combustion chamber (6) form a swirling flow which includes an outer swirling flow primarily containing particulate combustibles and an inner swirling flow primarily containing gaseous combustibles. Oxygen is supplied through an inner wall of the combustion chamber (6) to the outer swirling flow primarily containing the particulate combustibles for thereby accelerating gasification of the particulate combustibles.

Abstract: A manual power transmission includes a transmission casing, input and output shafts coaxially aligned with each other and a countershaft accommodated within the transmission casing and positioned below the input and output shafts. The input and output shaft has a plurality of gears of a varying size or diameter mounted thereon and associated with gearshifting positions and the countershaft has a corresponding number of coutergears of a varying size or diameter mounted thereon and paired with the gears on the input and output shafts. Some of the countergears which serve as an idle gear are so juxtaposed in a direction axially of the countershaft that an envelope enclosing all of the those countergears while touching respective outer perimeters of those remaining countergears represents a generally barrel shape having a generally intermediate portion thereof bulged radially outwardly with respect to the countershaft.

Abstract: A driving power transfer apparatus for four-wheel drive automotive vehicles, has a primary output shaft for providing driving power for a rear propeller shaft and a secondary hollow output shaft for providing driving power for a front propeller shaft, and a drive power transfer, such as a fluid coupling, mounted on the secondary output shaft, for variably transmitting the driving power to the secondary output shaft from the primary output shaft. The secondary shaft is connected to a front propeller shaft via a splined sliding yoke.

Abstract: An automobile powertrain has at least an engine placed in an engine room and oriented so that its crankshaft is directed transversely, and a transmission placed in the engine room behind the engine. The transmission has input and output shafts arranged coaxially with each other and directed parallel to the crankshaft of the engine. An engine clutch is directly connected to the crankshaft, and a power transfer arrangement is disposed oppositely to the engine with respect to the engine clutch and operationally couples the engine clutch to the input shaft so as to transmit engine output to the transmission. The transmission, engine clutch and power transfer arrangement are independently accommodated in separate chambers of a single unit powertrain case. The transmission chamber and the power transfer chamber are connected to each other by an oil passage through which the input shaft extends from the transmission to the power transfer.

Abstract: In a power transmission apparatus of four-wheel-drive vehicle, driving noise between the first bevel gear fixed on the transfer shaft and the second bevel gear fixed on the axle shaft is reduced in each bevel gear comprising the power transmission and restrictions are avoided when the deceleration ratio of the transfer shaft and the line are set. Power transmission having clutch for variably controlling driving torque division with respect to the wheels not being constantly driven, an axle shaft for constantly driving the axle shaft by obtaining the driving force from the output shaft of the transmission.

Abstract: In a construction of a vehicle power train in which a crankshaft of an engine and a shaft of a transmission are arranged in a car-width direction and a differential is disposed near the transmission, a power transmission element composing a part of a power transmission passage from the engine to a drive wheel is reinforced. An extension part extending to the cylinder block side of the engine is provided with respect to a bearing part of a back idle gear of the transmission provided at a cylinder block upper of the engine, and an extreme end of the extension part is connected to a rear side part of the cylinder block upper. The bearing part of a front-wheel differential is arranged so as to contact to a side of the bearing part of the back idle gear. Accordingly, rigidity of the power train is enhanced and an open/close mode movement caused between the engine and the transmission is prevented.

Abstract: In a four-wheel drive motor vehicle in which an engine and a transmission are in parallel with each other, the transmission is arranged at the rear of the rearwardly inclined engine, and a front-wheel drive shaft is disposed under the transmission. A bevel gear of a transfer device is arranged in a space before the drive shaft and under the engine. The rear part of a drive pinion engaging with the bevel gear is connected to a propeller shaft. An exhaust pipe is connected to a rear part of the engine, and a steering shaft extending in a car width direction is disposed under the exhaust pipe. A connecting part for connecting the transfer device and the propeller shaft is located at the front of the steering shaft. Accordingly, the bevel gear is positioned appropriately when transmitting a drive power from the transfer device to the propeller shaft, and the power train is easily assembled into an engine compartment of the vehicle.

Abstract: An automobile powertrain has at least an engine placed in an engine room and oriented so that its crankshaft is directed transversely, and a transmission placed in the engine room behind the engine. The transmission has input and output shafts arranged coaxially with each other and directed parallel to the crankshaft of the engine. An engine clutch is directly connected to the crankshaft, and a power transfer arrangement is disposed oppositely to the engine with respect to the engine clutch and operationally couples the engine clutch to the input shaft so as to transmit engine output to the transmission. The transmission, engine clutch and power transfer arrangement are independently accommodated in separate chambers of a single unit powertrain case. The transmission chamber and the power transfer chamber are connected to each other by an oil passage through which the input shaft extends from the transmission to the power transfer.

Abstract: An automotive powertrain has an engine placed within an engine compartment and oriented so that its crankshaft is directed transversely. The powertrain also has an automatic transmission placed in the engine compartment behind the engine, and a torque converter operationally coupled to the crankshaft and input shaft of the transmission. Input and are output shafts of the transmission are arranged coaxially with each other and are directed parallel to the crankshaft of the engine. A hydraulic control valve body, through which controlled hydraulic pressure is applied to the transmission so as to shift the transmission, is placed in a space defined below a horizontal plane including a top end of the transmission and behind a vertical plane including an axis of rotation of the crankshaft.

Abstract: A power transmitting system for a vehicle includes a rotatable input shaft for introducing driving power into the system, a rotatable first output shaft for transmitting the driving power from the system, and a rotatable second output shaft for also transmitting the driving power from the system. A transmitting member is rotatably mounted on the first output shaft and for rotating the second output shaft, a clutch mechanism is disposed adjacent to the transmitting member and mounted on the first output shaft for engaging the transmitting member with the first output shaft. An actuator is provided for actuating the clutch mechanism. A compact power transmitting system can be obtained.

Abstract: A powertrain includes an engine and a transmission and has a center inertial axis extending in a transverse direction of the vehicle body. The powertrain is mounted on the vehicle body for inertial movement about the center inertial axis by a pair of elastic mountings, disposed on opposite sides of the powertrain and not below the inertial axis. Another elastic mounting is disposed behind the powertrain. An exhaust pipe assembly, extending rearwardly and down behind the powertrain from the engine, is flexibly supported by a retainer connected, either directly or through the other elastic mounting, to the powertrain.

Abstract: An engine unit includes an engine and a power train having a transmission and the engine unit is mounted sideways on a vehicle body with the power train positioned rearward of the engine. The engine and the power train are housed in a single engine housing and an oil pan common to the engine and the power train is mounted on the lower side of the engine housing below the engine and the power train. The length of the oil pan in the transverse direction of the vehicle body is smaller than the engine housing and auxiliary mechanisms are disposed in the space on one side of the oil pan and below the engine housing.

Abstract: A power train includes a transmission having transmission shafts, with axes of rotation parallel to a crankshaft of an engine. The transmission shafts extend in a transverse direction of a vehicle. A drive axle is connected to drive wheels of the vehicle , and a drive axle differential differentially drives the drive wheels through the drive axle. A center differential is provided to differentially drive the front and rear drive wheels. The drive axle has an axis of rotation placed below and parallel to the axis of rotation of the transmission shafts. The drive axle differential and center differential are disposed side by side in the transverse direction of the vehicle body on, and in alignment with, the axis of rotation of the drive axle. The drive axle differential is located closely adjacent to the transmission in the transverse direction.

Abstract: A differential limiter for a vehicle is provided with a hydraulic multi-disc clutch for limiting a differential operation between at least two wheels, an inhibitor switch for detecting a gear position of a transmission mechanism, and controller for changing a differential limiting force by the clutch in accordance with a change in transmission position detected by the inhibitor switch.

Abstract: An automobile powertrain has an engine disposed in an engine room and oriented so that its a crankshaft is directed transversely. A transmission is placed in the engine room behind the engine and has an output shaft directed parallel to the crankshaft. A propeller shaft extends in a lengthwise direction of the vehicle body, and a power coupling gear train operationally couples the output shaft of the transmission to the propeller shaft. The axis of rotation of the crankshaft is positioned in front of the center axes of the front axles, and the power coupling gear train is positioned above a steering rack and/or a cross member by which the steering rack is supported.