Abstract: Diseases caused by platelet activating factor are prevented and treated by administration to a subject of a therapeutically effective amount of a piperazine compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a PAF-antagonist pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is pyridyl(lower)alkyl or thiazolyl(lower)alkyl,R.sup.2 is N-lower alkylindolyl(lower)alkyl which may have lower alkyl or halogen on the indole ring, andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or lower alkyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, ar(lower)alkyl, lower alkenyl or aryl,R.sup.3 is lower alkyl, ar(lower)alkyl, lower alkenyl or aryl, orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are taken together to form (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)-alkylidene group optionally substituted with aryl or taken together with the attached nitrogen atom to form a saturated or unsaturated, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group optionally substituted with aryl or lower alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are taken together with the attached nitrogen atoms to form a saturated or unsaturated, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group or 1,2-diazaspiroalkane-1,2-diyl group,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, ar(lower)alkyl, lower alkenyl or aryl;R.sup.4 is lower alkyl optionally substituted with di(lower)alkylamino or a heterocyclic group, or a heterocyclic group optionally having suitable substituent(s),R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to new 2-azetidinone compounds, which have antimicrobial activities, and to processes for the preparation thereof, and more particularly, this invention provides new 2-azetidinone compounds, especially ones having various substituted carboxyalkyl radicals at the first position and having various groups at the fourth position of the azetidinone nucleus, which have antimicrobial activities against various pathogenic microorganisms and are useful as antibiotics in treatment for microbial infections in mammals including human beings and animals.

Abstract: This invention relates to new 2-azetidinone compounds, which have antimicrobial activities, and to processes for the preparation thereof, and more particularly, this invention provides new 2-azetidinone compounds, especially ones having various substituted carboxyalkyl radicals at the first position and having various group at the fourth position of the azetidinone nucleus, which have antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms and are useful as antibiotics in treatment for microbial infections in mammals including human beings and animals.

Abstract: New antimicrobial azetidinone derivatives and their salt of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 amino or acylamino, and A is selected from a variety of groups.

Abstract: A process for producing a 2-cephem or 3-cephem derivative compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted amino radical and R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxy, protected carboxy, ester, acid amide, acid anhydride, acid halide, acid azide and carboxy salt, and the dotted line indicates the alternate bond structure providing 3-cephem or 2-cephem, which comprises:reacting a halogenated derivative selected from the group consisting of a halogenated penam derivative having the formula: ##STR2## a halogenated cephem derivative of the formula: ##STR3## wherein X represents a halogen atom, R.sub.3 represents a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxy, protected carboxy, ester, acid amide, acid anhydride, acid halide, acid azide and carboxy salt, and R.sub.1 is as defined above, or mixtures thereof with a dehydrohalogenoic acid reagent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing an oxidized penam derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an amino or protected amino radical, andR.sub.3 represents a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxy, protected carboxy, ester, acid amide, acid anhydride, acid halide, acid azide and carboxy salt, wherein a penam derivative of the formula: ##STR2## is oxidized with an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, peracids, hydroperacids, and salts thereof, the improvement which comprises conducting said oxidation in the presence of a catalytic amount of a Group Vb or VIb of the Periodic Table metal compound.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or substituted amino, R.sup.2 is carboxy or protected carboxy, R.sup.3 is lower alkyl and X is --S-- or ##STR2## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective against various microorganisms.

Abstract: This invention relates to new 2-azetidinone compounds, which have antimicrobial activities, and to processes for the preparation thereof, and more particularly, this invention provides new 2-azetidinone compounds, especially ones having various substituted carboxyalkyl radicals at the first position and having various groups at the fourth position of the azetidinone nucleus, which have antimicrobial activities against various pathogenic microorganisms and are useful as antibiotics in treatment for microbial infections in mammal including human being and animals.

Abstract: An oxoazetidine derivative compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted amino radical and R.sub.3 represents a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxy, protected carboxy, ester, acid amide, acid anhydride, acid halide, acid azide and carboxy salt, and --SR.sub.2 is a residue of a thiophilic sulphur nucleophile.

Abstract: A process for preparing an azetidinone of the formula: ##STR1## which comprises reacting a C-unsubstituted methyleneamine of the formula: ##STR2## with R.sup.2 --CH.sub.2 COOH, its acid halide or anhydride, in the presence of boron trihalide and an organic base, wherein R.sup.1 is an organic residue bearing a carboxy group or its derivative and R.sup.2 is azido, substituted amino, halogen, acyloxy, alkoxy, aryloxy or aralkoxy.

Abstract: Substituted phenylacetic acid compounds represented by the following general formula and preparation thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or protected carboxy,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, or protected amino, provided that when R.sup.1 is hydrogen, then R.sup.2 is protected amino, and when R.sup.2 is hydrogen, then R.sup.1 is protected carboxy,R.sup.3 is oxo, hydroxyimino or protected hydroxyimino,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or halogen, andm is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: A compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or a conventional, pharmaceutically acceptable acylamino, R.sup.2 is carboxy or a conventionally protected carboxy, X is --S-- or ##STR2## R.sup.3 is lower alkyl and Y" is a residue of a strong nucleophile selected from the group consisting of azido, thiocyanato, lower alkyanoylthio and piperidinothiocarbonylthio.

Abstract: New antimicrobial azetidinone derivatives and their salt of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is amino or acylamino, and A is selected from a variety of groups.

Abstract: A compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or a conventional, pharmaceutically acceptable acylamino, R.sup.2 is carboxy or a conventionally protected carboxy, X is --S-- or ##STR2## R.sup.3 is lower alkyl and Y" is a residue of a strong nucleophile selected from the group consisting of azido, thiocyanato, lower alkyanoylthio and piperidinothiocarbonylthio.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is (C.sub.1 to C.sub.6) alkyl,R.sup.2 is carboxy or a protected carboxy group,R.sup.3 is amino or a protected amino group, andA is carbonyl or hydroxy (C.sub.1 to C.sub.6) alkylene, andpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is active against pathogenic bacteria, and methods for preparing the same.

Abstract: This invention relates to new 2-azetidinone compounds, which have antimicrobial activities, and to processes for the preparation thereof, and more particularly, this invention provides new 2-azetidinone compounds, especially ones having various substituted carboxyalkyl radicals at the first position and having various groups at the fourth position of the azetidinone nucleus, which have antimicrobial activities against various pathogenic microorganisms and are useful as antibiotics in treatment for microbial infections in mammal including human being and animals.

Abstract: A compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or a conventional, pharmaceutically acceptable acylamino, R.sup.2 is carboxy or a conventionally protected carboxy, X is --S-- or ##STR2## R.sup.3 is lower alkyl and Y" is a residue of a strong nucleophile selected from the group consisting of azido, thiocyanato, lower alkyanoylthio and piperidinothiocarbonylthio.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is amino or substituted amino, R.sup.2 is carboxy or protected carboxy, R.sup.3 is lower alkyl and X is --S-- or ##STR2## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is effective against various microorganisms.