Abstract: An ion exchange membrane containing a fluorinated polymer, wherein in a case where by Raman spectroscopy, polarized light orthogonal to the thickness direction of the ion exchange membrane is irradiated to obtain a spectrum chart, whereby the ratio of the peak area a2 of Raman shift 680 to 760 cm?1 to the peak area al of Raman shift 1,025 to 1,095 cm?1 is taken as A1, and by Raman spectroscopy, to a cross section in the thickness direction of the ion exchange membrane, polarized light parallel with the thickness direction is irradiated to obtain a spectrum chart, whereby the ratio of the peak area b2 of Raman shift 920 to 1,025 cm?1 to the peak area b1 of Raman shift 1,025 to 1,095 cm?1 is taken as B1, B1/A1 is at least 1.05.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming an electroluminescent device. The method comprises: providing a type IV semiconductor material substrate; forming a p+/n+ junction in the substrate, typically a plurality of interleaved p+/n+ junctions are formed; and, forming an electroluminescent layer overlying the p+/n+ junction(s) in the substrate. The type IV semiconductor material substrate can be Si, C, Ge, SiGe, or SiC. For example, the substrate can be Si on insulator (SOI), bulk Si, Si on glass, or Si on plastic. The electroluminescent layer can be a material such as nanocrystalline Si, nanocrystalline Ge, fluorescent polymers, or type II–VI materials such as ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, CdSe, and CdS. In some aspect, the method further comprises forming an insulator film interposed between the substrate and the electroluminescent layer. In another aspect, the method comprises forming a conductive electrode overlying the electroluminescent layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, comprising: a flexible substrate; at least one semiconductor element; at least one electrode for external connection, the element and the electrode being formed on a front surface of the flexible substrate; and at least one wire formed on the front surface to electrically connect the element to the electrode, wherein at least a part of the flexible substrate has a curved form.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming an electroluminescent device. The method comprises: providing a type IV semiconductor material substrate; forming a p+/n+ junction in the substrate, typically a plurality of interleaved p+/n+ junctions are formed; and, forming an electroluminescent layer overlying the p+/n+ junction(s) in the substrate. The type IV semiconductor material substrate can be Si, C, Ge, SiGe, or SiC. For example, the substrate can be Si on insulator (SOI), bulk Si, Si on glass, or Si on plastic. The electroluminescent layer can be a material such as nanocrystalline Si, nanocrystalline Ge, fluorescent polymers, or type II-VI materials such as ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, CdSe, and CdS. In some aspect, the method further comprises forming an insulator film interposed between the substrate and the electroluminescent layer. In another aspect, the method comprises forming a conductive electrode overlying the electroluminescent layer.

Abstract: A machine tool is provided having a spindle mounted for movement in a direction parallel to the spindle axis, the Z direction, and a direction perpendicular to the spindle axis, the X direction. The machine tool includes a machine bed and has means mounted to the machine bed for supporting at least one tool. At least one spindle is rotatably supported on the machine bed and includes a chuck for supporting a workpiece. The machine tool includes means mounting the spindle to the machine bed for movement in the Z direction and for independent movement in the X direction. Accordingly, the workpiece supporting means may be moved proximate to the tool supporting means and the workpiece may be engaged by a tool. The machine tool may further include feeder means for feeding bar stock to the workpiece supporting means so that the bar stock may be engaged by a tool. The machine tool may also include workpiece transfer means for facilitating the transfer of workpieces to and from the workpiece supporting means.

Abstract: A machine tool is provided having a spindle mounted for movement in a direction parallel to the spindle axis, the Z direction, and a direction perpendicular to the spindle axis, the X direction. The machine tool includes a machine bed and has means mounted to the machine bed for supporting at least one tool. At least one spindle is rotatably supported on the machine bed and includes a chuck for supporting a workpiece. The machine tool includes means mounting the spindle to the machine bed for movement in the Z direction and for independent movement in the X direction. Accordingly, the workpiece supporting means may be moved proximate to the tool supporting means and the workpiece may be engaged by a tool. The machine tool may further include feeder means for feeding bar stock to the workpiece supporting means so that the bar stock may be engaged by a tool. The machine tool may also include workpiece transfer means for facilitating the transfer of workpieces to and from the workpiece supporting means.

Abstract: A circular knitting machine having a device for electronically issuing a pattern-forming command is provided with a needle selection verification pulse detector. The needle selection verification pulse detector produces a needle selection verification pulse B.sub.1 in response to a needle-selecting coil exciting-voltage B affected by a pulse induced in a needle-selecting coil and to a needle-selecting coil command voltage A not affected by the pulse thus induced when a needle selector in a needle-selecting system moves. When the presence or absence of the command voltage A does not coincide with the presence or absence of the verification pulse B.sub.1 respectively, occurrence of a knitting error is immediately detected.