Abstract: In a wiring board, predetermined wiring patterns which are formed on both sides of an insulation substrate are electrically connected by an electrically conductive material provided in through holes formed through the insulation substrate. The insulation substrate is composed of a resin impregnated fibrous sheet and a heat resistant film. The present invention solves the problems of the wiring board which are caused by irregularities on the surface of the resin impregnated fibrous sheet. The problems include insufficient adhesion strength between the wiring pattern and the insulation substrate or the limitation of fineness of the wiring pattern due to the irregularities on the surface of the printed wiring board which are formed upon the thermocompression bonding process.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical crystal device, a wavelength conversion element, is surrounded with a heat sink having cooling fins. Cartridge heaters for uniformly heating the nonlinear optical crystal device are arranged in the heat sink, and the temperature of the cartridge heater is regulated by a heater controller. Laser light is input into the nonlinear optical crystal device, and delivered therefrom after its wavelength is converted into a shortened wavelength. When the repetition frequency of laser light is high, heating by the heaters is stopped, and cooling is effected with the heat sink. When the repetition frequency of laser light is low, heating by the heaters is carried out to maintain the temperature of the nonlinear optical crystal device to be a temperature at which a conversion efficiency is satisfactory.

Abstract: A cooling block 17 has three water channels 21 formed so as to be located near an LD device 18 fixed to a side surface 17c, each water channel 21 having a water channel sectional shape like an elongated hole, and being inclined relative to the side surface 17c. Heat generated by the LD device 18 is eliminated by cooling water flowing through the water channels 21. The water channel sectional area of an inlet manifold water channel is rendered not less than twice the water channel sectional area of the cooling block water channel. Irregularities are formed on the inner surface of each of the cooling block water channels. Further, an inlet portion of the cooling block water channel is chamfered or given a curvature.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of automatically analyzing many repeating patterns. One typical pattern is first selected. On the typical pattern, analysis points, analysis methods and analysis conditions are determined. On the other patterns, automatic analysis is performed at points having the same positional relation as the analysis points determined on the typical pattern with the analysis methods and analysis conditions determined for the typical pattern.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical crystal device (21), a wavelength conversion element, is surrounded with a heat sink (22) having cooling fins (23a, 23b, 23c). Cartridge heaters (24) for uniformly heating the nonlinear optical crystal device (21) are arranged in the heat sink (22), and the temperature of the cartridge heater (24) is regulated by a heater controller (30). Laser light is entered into the nonlinear optical crystal device (21), and delivered therefrom after its wavelength is converted into a shortened wavelength. When the repetition frequency of laser light is high, heating by the heaters (24) is stopped, and cooling is effected with the heat sink (22). When the repetition frequency of laser light is low, heating by the heaters (24) is carried out to maintain the temperature of the nonlinear optical crystal device (21) to be a temperature at which a conversion efficiency is satisfactory.

Abstract: In a wiring board, predetermined wiring patterns which are formed on both sides of an insulation substrate are electrically connected by an electrically conductive material provided in through holes formed through the insulation substrate. The insulation substrate is composed of a resin impregnated fibrous sheet and a heat resistant film. The present invention solves the problems of the wiring board which are caused by irregularities on the surface of the resin impregnated fibrous sheet. The problems include insufficient adhesion strength between the wiring pattern and the insulation substrate or the limitation of fineness of the wiring pattern due to the irregularities on the surface of the printed wiring board which are formed upon the thermocompression bonding process.

Abstract: When an interference signals is detected by a base station, the base station issues a report to a switching apparatus. The switching apparatus checks self to see whether it is in a standby mode waiting for a frequency change completion report from another base station which is in the process of changing the control channel frequency. If the switching apparatus is satisfied that the station should be given a new control channel frequency, it issues a frequency change command to the requesting base station, and the base station receiving the command revises the current control channel frequency. In the meantime, all other requests from other stations are denied by the switching apparatus until the requesting base station has successfully completed the process of changing the control channel frequency. The base station acknowledges the completion of frequency change process by sending a frequency change completion report to the switching apparatus.

Abstract: A method of quite efficiently analyzing contaminants such as dust on a semiconductor material with a scanning electron microscope. The instrument holds a list of data about contaminants. The operator selects desired items from the list and marks them to register them in a registered contaminant data table. Then, he establishes illumination conditions used for analysis and starts x-ray analysis. A secondary electron image of any contaminant of interest is displayed on a CRT at a magnification corresponding to the dimensions of the contaminant. The dimensions are retrieved from the data table. All addresses of a frame memory are searched. According to the results, the coordinates of the position of the contaminant are measured. The difference between the central position of the viewing screen of the CRT and the coordinate of the contaminant is calculated for each direction. The calculated differences are sent either to a specimen stage-driving mechanism or to an image shift power supply.