Abstract: A camera includes a movable aperture stop plate, which changes over a light path of object light between plural stop states. A depressible shutter release button is provided. A shutter mechanism is released in response to depression of the shutter release button after a charging operation and changing over the movable aperture stop plate, to provide an exposure to the photo film. A photometric circuit including a CdS element measures object brightness adapted for changing over the movable aperture stop plate. A photometric switch includes first and second switch segments, is turned on when pressed, to supply the photometric circuit with power. A blocking pin blocks and turns off the first and second switch segments upon completion of the charging operation of the shutter mechanism, and comes away from the photometric switch when the shutter release button is depressed.

Abstract: A camera includes a movable aperture stop plate, which changes over a light path of object light between plural stop states. A depressible shutter release button is provided. A shutter mechanism is released in response to depression of the shutter release button after a charging operation and changing over the movable aperture stop plate, to provide an exposure to the photo film. A photometric circuit including a CdS element measures object brightness adapted for changing over the movable aperture stop plate. A photometric switch includes first and second switch segments, is turned on when pressed, to supply the photometric circuit with power. A blocking pin blocks and turns off the first and second switch segments upon completion of the charging operation of the shutter mechanism, and comes away from the photometric switch when the shutter release button is depressed.

Abstract: A protective cover (13) for a taking lens is provided in the front of a lens-fitted photo film unit. The protective cover cooperates with a shutter locking mechanism which locks a shutter button (4) when the protective cover is in a closed position in front of the taking lens. The protective cover also cooperates with a flash prevention mechanism which turns off a flash charge switch off when the protective cover moves in the closed position, prevents the flash charge switch from being moved to its ON position so long as the protective cover is in the closed position, and allows the flash charge switch to be moved to the ON position when the protective cover is moved away from the taking lens. The protective cover is slidable in a horizontal direction on a front surface portion of the film unit, and the front surface portion is straight in the horizontal direction.

Abstract: An anti-reverse claw is in mesh with a winding dial of a lens-fitted photo film unit. The anti-reverse claw has a pair of welded pieces. The welded pieces go behind a rear cover of the lens-fitted photo film through a pair of holes formed in the rear cover. After assembling, a welding head is applied to the rear side of the rear cover to apply heat. The welded pieces and a separation plate are melted and mixed together, so that the anti-reverse claw is firmly fixed to the rear cover.

Abstract: A camera includes a movable aperture stop plate, which changes over a light path of object light between plural stop states. A depressible shutter release button is provided. A shutter mechanism is released in response to depression of the shutter release button after a charging operation and changing over the movable aperture stop plate, to provide an exposure to the photo film. A photometric circuit including a CdS element measures object brightness adapted for changing over the movable aperture stop plate. A photometric switch includes first and second switch segments, is turned on when pressed, to supply the photometric circuit with power. A blocking pin blocks and turns off the first and second switch segments upon completion of the charging operation of the shutter mechanism, and comes away from the photometric switch when the shutter release button is depressed. A shifting projection presses and turns on the photometric switch after the blocking pin comes away from the photometric switch.

Abstract: A shutter device for a camera includes a shutter blade for providing an exposure by opening/shutting a photographic light path, and a shutter drive lever for driving the shutter blade. The shutter device includes a shutter release button. A photometric switch is turned on in response to depression of the shutter release button. A photometric circuit is operated by turning on of the photometric switch, for measuring object brightness. An aperture stop changeover mechanism changes over an aperture stop of the photographic light path according to the photographic light path. A delay structure such as a delay lever detects completion of actuation of the aperture stop changeover mechanism and responsively moves the shutter drive lever.

Abstract: A protective cover (13) for a taking lens is provided in the front of a lens-fitted photo film unit. The protective cover cooperates with a shutter locking mechanism which locks a shutter button (4) when the protective cover is in a closed position in front of the taking lens. The protective cover also cooperates with a flash prevention mechanism which turns off a flash charge switch off when the protective cover moves in the closed position, prevents the flash charge switch from being moved to its ON position so long as the protective cover is in the closed position, and allows the flash charge switch to be moved to the ON position when the protective cover is moved away from the taking lens. The protective cover is slidable in a horizontal direction on a front surface portion of the film unit, and the front surface portion is straight in the horizontal direction.

Abstract: A lens-fitted film unit has a simple structured lens mechanism that can adapt to photographing under close-up photographing and normal photographing and also with a finder that enable a photographer to check the photographing field from the front in close-up photographing and take pictures including the photographer in a composition. The unit is provided with a selector member selecting a focus adjusting position between a normal photographing position and a close-up photographing position.

Abstract: A protective cover (13) for a taking lens is provided in the front of a lens-fitted photo film unit. The protective cover cooperates with a shutter locking mechanism which locks a shutter button (4) when the protective cover is in a closed position in front of the taking lens. The protective cover also cooperates with a flash prevention mechanism which turns off a flash charge switch off when the protective cover moves in the closed position, prevents the flash charge switch from being moved to its ON position so long as the protective cover is in the closed position, and allows the flash charge switch to be moved to the ON position when the protective cover is moved away from the taking lens. The protective cover is slidable in a horizontal direction on a front surface portion of the film unit, and the front surface portion is straight in the horizontal direction.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photo film unit includes an opaque main body pre-loaded with photo film. An opaque rear cover covers a rear of the main body. A front cover covers a front of the main body. A viewfinder eyepiece opening is formed through the rear cover. A viewfinder objective opening is formed in the front cover, combined with the viewfinder eyepiece opening, and adapted to observation of a photographic field. The front cover is produced from transparent material. A field frame member is disposed on an edge of the viewfinder objective opening, visible through the viewfinder eyepiece opening, for indicating a photographable region in the photographic field.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photo film unit includes a main body. A cassette holder chamber in the main body contains a photo film cassette. A roll holder chamber in the main body contains a roll of photo film drawn from the photo film cassette. A front cover of transparent resin covers a front of the main body. A rear cover covers a rear of the main body. The roll holder chamber has a top wall portion and an end wall portion disposed farther from the cassette holder chamber. A first light-shielding ridge is disposed to project forwards from the rear cover and to extend horizontally, overlapped with the top wall portion, for blocking entry of ambient light at the top wall portion. A second light-shielding ridge is disposed to project forwards from the rear cover and to extend vertically, overlapped with the end wall portion, for blocking entry of ambient light at the end wall portion. The second light-shielding ridge extends to the first light-shielding ridge.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photo film unit has a photo film roll chamber (131) and a cassette containing chamber (17, 133). The roll chamber contains photo film (18) wound in a form of a roll. The cassette containing chamber contains a cassette (16). The photo film is wound into the cassette as much as one frame each time one frame is exposed. A bottom lid (30, 137) covers a bottom of the cassette containing chamber, and is opened to remove the cassette from the cassette containing chamber with the photo film included therein. A stopper projection (34) prevents the cassette from dropping out of the cassette containing chamber in removal of the cassette after opening the bottom lid. In a preferred embodiment, a hinge portion (30b, 142) connects the bottom lid (30, 137) to a rear cover (138) by way of a single piece and in swingable fashion. The hinge portion is defined by a first groove (146) formed in an obverse face of the rear cover, and a second groove (147) formed in a reverse face of the rear cover.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photo film unit has a photo film roll chamber (131) and a cassette containing chamber (17, 133). The roll chamber contains photo film (18) wound in a form of a roll. The cassette containing chamber contains a cassette (16). The photo film is wound into the cassette as much as one frame each time one frame is exposed. A bottom lid (30, 137) covers a bottom of the cassette containing chamber, and is opened to remove the cassette from the cassette containing chamber with the photo film included therein. A stopper projection (34) prevents the cassette from dropping out of the cassette containing chamber in removal of the cassette after opening the bottom lid. In a preferred embodiment, a hinge portion (30b, 142) connects the bottom lid (30, 137) to a rear cover (138) by way of a single piece and in swingable fashion. The hinge portion is defined by a first groove (146) formed in an obverse face of the rear cover, and a second groove (147) formed in a reverse face of the rear cover.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photo film unit has a cassette containing chamber and a photo film roll chamber. The cassette containing chamber contains a cassette. The cassette has a spool and a cassette shutter. A photo film is secured to the spool contained in the cassette in a rotatable manner. The cassette shutter is incorporated in a rotatable manner between a closed position to block a photo film passage port and an open position to open the photo film passage port. The lens-fitted photo film unit has a rotatable photo film winding wheel, of which a wheel portion is disposed above the cassette containing chamber, and externally rotated after a frame on the photo film is exposed. A first rotational shaft projects downwards from the wheel portion, and is engaged with the spool through a top wall of the cassette containing chamber. The wheel portion is rotated to wind the photo film into the cassette.

Abstract: A lens-fitted photo film unit has a housing (2), in which a photo film roll chamber and a cassette containing chamber (8, 70) are formed. A cassette incorporates a port shutter (14) rotatable between a closed position of closing a photo film passage port and an open position of opening the passage port. The photo film is wound into the cassette as much as one frame each time one frame is exposed. The cassette is removed from the cassette containing chamber after winding the photo film entirely into the cassette. Through an exit opening, the cassette containing chamber is open externally. An openable bottom lid (7, 66, 75, 80) closes the exit opening, is opened for the removal of the cassette. A rotating mechanism (30, 76, 87, 93; 34, 78, 88, 90; 35, 50, 60, 72, 85) is engaged with the port shutter through a top wall (8a, 70a) of the cassette containing chamber, rotates the port shutter from the open position to the closed position in response to operation opening the bottom lid.

Abstract: An encoding (or decoding) method, by which raw data of 1 line is converted into, for example, modified Huffman (MH) code (or MH code is converted into raw data) by obtaining a cumulative run-length code every transition point, at which there occurs a transition or change between a run of white pixels to another contiguous run of black pixels, from the beginning of the line and then converting the cumulative run-length code to the MH code (or converting the MH code to the cumulative run-length code). The cumulative run-length code is defined by both of data, which indicates that a pixel of a run just prior to the transition point is black or white, and data representing a cumulative run-length of the run up to the pixel thereof just prior to the transition point. Thus, an encoding or decoding processing can be performed at a high speed.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus consists of an input buffer for storing one or more pieces of line data which each are formed of pieces of picture data and adding a specific code to each of the line data, a searching section for searching the input buffer for one or more specific codes, a search control section for (1) calculating a number Dx of pieces of picture data stored in the input buffer, (2) instructing the searching section to search the input buffer for one or more specific codes when the number Dx reaches a reference number, (3) repeatedly adding an incremental value to the reference number to increase the reference number in cases where no specific code is found out by the searching section, and (4) repeatedly instructing the searching section to search the input buffer for one or more specific codes when the number Dx reaches the reference number increased until at least one specific code is found out by the searching section, a data taking out section for taking out one or more pieces of line data s

Abstract: A Viterbi decoding method, in which consecutive input data bits Q.sub.6n .about.Q.sub.1n are first converted into consecutive code bits Q.sub.6n .about.Q.sub.3n Y.sub.2n Y.sub.1n Y.sub.0n at a time instant n by use of a Trellis encoder. Then, a branch metric, which is a minimum Euclidean distance between a reception signal point and each of signal points (namely, Trellis codes Q.sub.6 .about.Q.sub.3 Y.sub.2 Y.sub.1 Y.sub.0) in a signal space diagram, corresponding to each of eight states 0 to 7 and a corresponding signal point are obtained. Further, a sum of the branch metric corresponding to each state and a corresponding path metric at a time instant (n-1), which is a sum of corresponding branch metrics since a time instant 1 to the time instant (n-1) is calculated. Then, the path metric corresponding to each state is updated by replacing it with the calculated sum of the corresponding branch metric and the corresponding path metric obtained at the time instant (n-1).

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave device is disclosed, by which it is possible to improve characteristics of a system suitable for suppressing narrow frequency band interference, which is useful for a spread spectrum communication system, and to increase the signal intensity at the detecting portion without changing characteristics of the filter portion.In a surface acoustic wave element, in a p conductivity type Si epitaxial layer 2 formed on a p+ conductivity type Si monocrystal substrate 1 the epitaxial layer on the siganl detecting portion is formed so as to be thinner than the other portion by means of a buried layer.In this way, even with a same intensity of the input signal at the transducer, the loss of SAW is reduced and as the result the intensity of the detected signal is increased.By the present invention it is possible to increase the signal intensity at the detecting portion without changing characteristics of the filter portion.

Abstract: A SAW device uses an input and output transducers having different electrode periods, and includes diode arrays provided in a semiconductor layer under a gate electrode between both transducers, so that the device has an excellent efficiency as a notch filter.