Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell preventing formation of a diffusion layer containing Ca and other elements, and having an excellent power generation performance at low temperature by preventing breakdown of a crystal structure of an electrolyte by firing. Disclosed is a solid oxide fuel cell which includes an inner electrode, a solid electrolyte, and an outer electrode, each being sequentially laminated on the surface of a porous support. The porous support contains forsterite, and has a Mg/Si molar ratio of 1.90 to 2.2 both inclusive, and an A-to-B ratio (A/B) of 0.0% to 9.0% both inclusive, where A denotes a maximum peak height which appears at a diffraction angle 2?=26.5° to 27.0° and B denotes a maximum peak height which appears at 36.5° to 37.0° in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using Cu—K? radiation.

Abstract: The present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell 1 including a reforming section 94, disposed inside a fuel gas supply flow path 20 above a vaporizing section 86 to surround the upper portion of a fuel cell stack 14, for steam reforming raw fuel gas F introduced from a fuel gas introducing portion 90a using steam S produced in a vaporizing section; and a circulating flow path portion 156 disposed in a fuel gas supply flow path between the vaporizing section and the reforming section for circulating rising raw fuel gas introduced from a fuel gas introducing section into a fuel gas supply flow path and rising steam produced in the vaporizing section along the circumferential direction of the fuel gas supply flow path so as to form a flow supplying mixed raw fuel gas and steam uniformly over the entire circumference of the reforming section.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell preventing formation of a diffusion layer containing Ca and other elements, and having an excellent power generation performance at low temperature by preventing breakdown of a crystal structure of an electrolyte by firing. Disclosed is a solid oxide fuel cell which includes a fuel electrode, a solid electrolyte, and an air electrode, each being sequentially laminated on the surface of a porous support. The porous support contains forsterite, and further has a calcium element (Ca) content of more than 0.2 mass % but not more than 2 mass % in terms of CaO.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell preventing formation of a diffusion layer containing Ca and other elements, and having an excellent power generation performance at low temperature by preventing breakdown of a crystal structure of an electrolyte by firing. Disclosed is a solid oxide fuel cell which includes an inner electrode, a solid electrolyte, and an outer electrode, each sequentially laminated on the surface of a porous support. The porous support contains forsterite, and has a Ca element content of 0.2 mass % or less in terms of CaO in a surface region at the inner electrode side.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an image heater for heating an image on a recording material. The apparatus also includes a first temperature detecting member that detects a temperature of the image heating member, with the first temperature detecting member provided in a sheet processing region for a recording material of a minimum size. A controller is also provided for controlling electric power supply to the image heater on the basis of an output of the first temperature detecting member. Further provided is a second temperature detecting member is that is capable of detecting a temperature of the image heating member when the image heating member is contacted or is not contacted with a belt. A controller is also provided for controlling the image heating operation on the basis of the temperature of the image heating member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an endless belt; a rotatable member, contacting an outer surface of the belt, for forming a nip in which a recording material is nipped and conveyed; a stretcher for stretching the belt; an urging member, contacting an inner surface of the belt, for urging the stretcher by movement of the belt so as to include a contact portion at which the urging member contacts the stretchers; a lubricator for applying a lubricant onto the inner surface of the belt; and a collector, contacting the stretcher downstream of an area in which the stretcher contacts the belt and upstream of the contact portion with respect to a rotational direction of the stretcher, for collecting the lubricant from the stretcher. The collector includes a guide for guiding the lubricant, collected from the stretcher, onto the inner surface of the endless belt.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes: a belt member; an inclinable steering roller configured to support the belt member; a heating member configured to contact the belt member and heat an image on a recording material; a detecting member configured to detect a position of a belt end in a widthwise direction of the belt member; a correcting device configured to correct a position of the belt member in the widthwise direction by inclining the steering roller in accordance with a detected position of the belt end by the detecting member; and a supporting device configured to support the detecting member. The supporting device is provided with a contact portion for press-contacting an end surface of one end portion of a pressing roller configured to press the belt member against the heating member.

Abstract: A plurality of pre-formed controlled particles for use in an aerosol deposition method by which an aerosol with brittle material fine particles dispersed in a gas is sprayed toward a substrate to form a structure made of the brittle material fine particles. Each of the controlled particles includes an assembly packed with a plurality of fine particles which are not chemically bonded together, which include the brittle material fine particles, and have a mean primary particle diameter of 0.1 ?m or more and 5 ?m or less. The controlled particles have a mean circle-equivalent diameter of 20 ?m or more.

Abstract: A typical belt conveying apparatus and a typical image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes: an endless belt; a supporting member that rotatably supports the belt; a sensor that detects a predetermined breakage at one end of the belt in a belt width direction; and a detecting mechanism that detects a predetermined breakage at the other end of the belt in the belt width direction by the use of the sensor.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a rotatable member; a belt member, contactable to the rotatable member, for forming a nip in which an image on a recording material is heated; a pressing member, disposed inside the belt member, for pressing the belt member against the rotatable member; a lubricant application member for applying a lubricant onto an inner surface of the belt member; a contact-and-separation device for moving the belt member toward and away from the rotatable member; and a switching mechanism for switching a contact pressure of the lubricant application member on the belt member, when the belt member is separated from the rotatable member, so as to be smaller than that when the belt member contacts the rotatable member.

Abstract: A composite structure formation method based on an aerosol deposition method by which an aerosol with brittle material fine particles dispersed in a gas is sprayed toward a substrate to form a structure made of the brittle material fine particles, the composite structure formation method includes: storing a plurality of controlled particles in a storage mechanism, the controlled particle being an assembly packed with a plurality of particles including the brittle material fine particles; supplying the controlled particles from the storage mechanism to an aerosolation mechanism; disaggregating the supplied controlled particles in the aerosolation mechanism to form an aerosol; and spraying the aerosol toward the substrate to form a composite structure having the structure and the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by formula (I): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or the like; R2 and R3 represent a hydrogen atom or the like; R4 is a group represented by (II) R5 represents a phenyl group which may be substituted with a halogen or the like; m is an integer of from 1 to 3; and p is an integer of from 0 to 4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrostatic chuck in which the surface can be kept smooth after being exposed to plasma, so as to protect a material to be clamped such as a silicon wafer from being contaminated with particles, and which is excellent in clamping and releasing a material to be clamped and easy to manufacture by low-temperature firing. The electrostatic chuck includes a dielectric material in which alumina is 99.4 wt % or more, and titanium oxide is more than 0.2 wt % and equal to or less than 0.6 wt %, wherein the electrostatic chuck's volume resistivity is 108-1011 ?cm in room temperature, and wherein the titanium oxide segregates in boundaries of particles of the alumina.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a belt member; a inclinable steering roller for supporting the belt member; a heating member for contacting to the belt member and heating an image on a recording material; a detecting member for detecting a position of a belt end in a widthwise direction of the belt member; correcting means for correcting a position of the belt member in the widthwise direction by inclining the steering roller in accordance with a detected position of the belt end by the detecting member; supporting means for supporting the detecting member; and the supporting means being provided with a contact portion for press-contacting the end surface of the one end portion of the steering roller.

Abstract: A typical belt conveying apparatus and a typical image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes: an endless belt; a supporting member that rotatably supports the belt; a sensor that detects a predetermined breakage at one end of the belt in a belt width direction; and a detecting mechanism that detects a predetermined breakage at the other end of the belt in the belt width direction by the use of the sensor.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an endless belt; a rotatable member, contactable to an outer surface of the endless belt, for forming a nip in which a recording material is nipped and conveyed; a stretching member for stretching the endless belt; an urging member, contacting an inner surface of the endless belt, for urging the stretching member by movement of the endless belt so as to include a contact portion at which the urging member contacts the stretching member; a lubricant application member for applying a lubricant onto the inner surface of the endless belt; and a collecting member, contacting the stretching member at a position downstream of an area in which the stretching member contacts the endless belt and upstream of the contact portion with respect to a rotational direction of the stretching member, for collecting the lubricant from the stretching member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a rotatable member; a belt member contactable to the rotatable member; a pressing member for pressing the belt member against the rotatable member to form a nip in which a recording material is nipped and conveyed; and a sheet member for covering a pressing surface of the pressing member at which the pressing member presses the belt member. The sheet member is mounted on the pressing member so as to have a first area in which an end portion thereof is located outside an end portion of the belt member with respect to a widthwise direction perpendicular to a conveying direction of the recording material and which includes a portion opposing the pressing surface, and so as to have a second area in which the end portion thereof is located inside the end portion of the belt member with respect to the widthwise direction.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a rotatable member; a belt member, contactable to the rotatable member, for forming a nip in which an image on a recording material is heated; a pressing member, disposed inside the belt member, for pressing the belt member against the rotatable member; a lubricant application member for applying a lubricant onto an inner surface of the belt member; a contact-and-separation device for moving the belt member toward and away from the rotatable member; and a switching mechanism for switching a contact pressure of the lubricant application member on the belt member, when the belt member is separated from the rotatable member, so as to be smaller than that when the belt member contacts the rotatable member.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes an image heater for heating an image on a recording material. The apparatus also includes a first temperature detecting member that detects a temperature of the image heating member, with the first temperature detecting member provided in a sheet processing region for a recording material of a minimum size. A controller is also provided for controlling electric power supply to the image heater on the basis of an output of the first temperature detecting member. Further provided is a second temperature detecting member is that is capable of detecting a temperature of the image heating member when the image heating member is contacted or is not contacted with a belt. A controller is also provided for controlling the image heating operation on the basis of the temperature of the image heating member.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aryl-substituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound represented by the formula (I) below or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. This compound serves as nociceptin receptor antagonist and is useful as a pharmaceutical agent for treating diseases associated with a nociceptin receptor. (I) [in the formula, A1, A2 and A3 independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, and one or two of A1, A2 and A3 represent a carbon atom; R1 represents a lower alkyl group or the like; R2 represents a phenyl group which may be substituted with a halogen atom or the like; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or the like; and R4 represents a lower alkyl group or the like.