Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an optically active compound represented by Formula (3): (wherein R1 is an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and any hydrogen atom of R1 may be replaced with a substituent; R2 is a hydrogen atom or a group which is not reactive in the reaction below; and * represents a chiral center) or a salt thereof by subjecting a compound represented by Formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 have the same meanings as defined in Formula (3)) to a ring closure reaction in the presence of a chiral ligand having 1 or more coordination sites, a Lewis acid represented by Formula (2): MmZn??(2) (wherein M is a metal ion, Z is a counter anion of M, and m and n are integers of 1 to 4), and a sulfonyl halide having an optionally substituted alkyl or phenyl group.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing an optically active compound represented by Formula (3): (wherein R1 is an alkyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkenyl group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and any hydrogen atom of R1 may be replaced with a substituent; R2 is a hydrogen atom or a group which is not reactive in the reaction below; and * represents a chiral center) or a salt thereof by subjecting a compound represented by Formula (1): (wherein R1 and R2 have the same meanings as defined in Formula (3)) to a ring closure reaction in the presence of a chiral ligand having 1 or more coordination sites, a Lewis acid represented by Formula (2): MmZn??(2) (wherein M is a metal ion, Z is a counter anion of M, and m and n are integers of 1 to 4), and a sulfonyl halide having an optionally substituted alkyl or phenyl group

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound, which comprises oxidizing, with a nitrite or a nitrate in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, an alicyclic secondary alcohol compound or an alicyclic ketone compound, in each of which at least one methylene group is bonded to the carbon atom having hydroxyl group bonded thereto or the carbon atom as a member of carbonyl group, wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of water of 5 mass % or less relative to 100 mass % of the total of the trifluoroacetic acid and the water.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound, which comprises oxidizing, with a nitrite or a nitrate in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, an alicyclic secondary alcohol compound or an alicyclic ketone compound, in each of which at least one methylene group is bonded to the carbon atom having hydroxyl group bonded thereto or the carbon atom as a member of carbonyl group, wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of water of 5 mass % or less relative to 100 mass % of the total of the trifluoroacetic acid and the water.

Abstract: A novel indole derivative or a salt thereof is provided, which is represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents an aryl lower alkyl group, said aryl group may be substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an aryl lower alkyl group, an aryl lower alkenyl group, a halo-lower alkyl group, a lower cycloalkyl-lower alkoxy group, a lower cycloalkoxy-lower alkyl group, an aryl lower alkynyl group, an aryloxy lower alkyl group, an aryl lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group, a lower alkoxy group, and an alkenyl group; and R2 represents a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, each of which may be substituted with a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, or an aryl group. The compound of the present invention has blood sugar level-depressing activity and PDE5-inhibiting activity, and is useful as medicine.

Abstract: A sulfonamide compound of the formula (I): R1—SO2NHCO—A—X—R2??(I) wherein R1 is alky, alkenyl, alkynyl and the like; A is an optionally substitutedheteropolycyclic group except benzimidazolyl, indolyl, 4,7-dihydrobenzimidazolyland 2,3-dihydrobenzoxazinyl; X is alkylene, oxa, oxa(lower)alkylene and the like; and R2 is optionally substituted aryl, substituted biphenylyl and the like, a salt thereof and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. The sulfonamide compound is effective for the diseases treatable based on their blood sugar level-depressing activity, cGMP-PDE (especially PDE-V)-inhibiting activity, smooth muscle relaxing activity, bronchodilating activity, vasodilating activity, smooth muscle cell suppressing activity, and antiallergic activity.

Abstract: A sulfonamide compound of the formula (I):

Abstract: A sulfonamide compound of the formula (I): R1—SO2NHCO—A—X—R2  (I) wherein R1 is alky, alkenyl, alkynyl and the like; A is an optionally substitutedheteropolycyclic group except benzimidazolyl, indolyl, 4,7-dihydrobenzimidazolyland 2,3-dihydrobenzoxazinyl; X is alkylene, oxa, oxa(lower)alkylene and the like; and R2 is optionally substituted aryl, substituted biphenylyl and the like, a salt thereof and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. The sulfonamide compound is effective for the diseases treatable based on their blood sugar level-depressing activity, cGMP-PDE (especially PDE-V)-inhibiting activity, smooth muscle relaxing activity, bronchodilating activity, vasodilating activity, smooth muscle cell suppressing activity, and antiallergic activity.

Abstract: A sulfonamide compound of the formula (I):

Abstract: A method of preparing a reduced product by efficiently reducing an unsaturated organic compound by using, as a reducing agent, a trichlorosilane which is industrially cheaply available and is easy to handle, and a reducing agent therefor. A reduced product of an unsaturated organic compound is obtained by mixing the unsaturated organic compound and a trichlorosilane together to reduce the unsaturated organic compound in the presence of a compound that forms a silicon complex having five coordinations upon acting on the trichlorosilane such as an N-formylated product of a secondary amine having not less than 3 carbon atoms. The invention further provides a reducing agent comprising a particular silicon complex.

Abstract: A novel benzimidazole derivative or a salt thereof is provided, which is represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents an alkyl group, etc., R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic lower alkyl group, R3 represents an alkyl group, etc., and -X- is represented by the following formula (V): etc. This derivative or a salt thereof is useful as medicine.

Abstract: A sulfonamide compound of the formula (I): R1—SO2NHCO—A—R2  (I) wherein R1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and the like; A is an optionally substituted heteropolycyclic group except benzimidazolyl, indolyl, 4,7-dihydrobenzimidazolyl and 2,3-dihydrobenzoxazinyl; X is alkylene, oxa, oxa(lower)alkylene and the like; and R2 is optionally substituted aryl, substituted biphenylyl and the like, a salt thereof and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. The sulfonamide compound is effective for the diseases treatable based on their blood sugar level-depressing activity, cGMP-PDE (especially PDE-V)-inhibiting activity, smooth muscle relaxing activity, bronchodilating activity, vasodilating activity, smooth muscle cell suppressing activity, and antiallergic activity.

Abstract: Novel aromatic ring derivatives represented by formula (I) or their pharmaceutical acceptable salts are provided. wherein Nu represents a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring; ch1 and ch2 each represents a cross-linking group; and A represents an aromatic ring. These compounds have blood sugar-depressing activity or PDE 5 inhibitory activity and are useful as medicines for treating impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, diabetic complications, syndrome of insulin-resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, hyperglycemia, hypertension, stenocardia, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, glomerulopathy, tubulointerstitial disorders, renal failure, angiostenosis, distal angiopathy, cerebral apoplexy, chronic reversible obstructions, autoimmune diseases, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, glaucoma, diseases characterized by enteromotility disorders, impotence, nephritis, cachexia, pancreatitis, restenosis after PTCA, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides useful intermediates for the synthesis of 2,5-diamino-1,6-diphenyl-3-hydroxyhexane derivatives which serve as intermediates in the synthesis of medicines such as retrovirus protease inhibitors including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors, and a method for preparing these intermediates using the former intermediates.More particularly, the invention provides methods for preparing a 2-isoxazoline derivative represented by formula ?1! and a 2,5-diamino-1,6-diphenyl-3-hydroxyhexane derivative obtainable by reducing the 2-isoxazoline derivative and represented by formula ?6!: ##STR1## (wherein Ph is phenyl; and each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents hydrogen, acyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylalkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkylsulfonyl, or arylsulfonyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are linked to each other to represent divalent acyl).

Abstract: The present invention provides useful intermediates for the synthesis of 2,5-diamino-1,6-diphenyl-3-hydroxyhexane derivatives which serve as intermediates in the synthesis of medicines such as retrovirus protease inhibitors including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors, and a method for preparing these intermediates using the former intermediates.More particularly, the invention provides methods for preparing a 2-isoxazoline derivative represented by formula ?1! and a 2,5-diamino-1,6-diphenyl-3-hydroxyhexane derivative obtainable by reducing the 2-isoxazoline derivative and represented by formula ?6!: ##STR1## (wherein Ph is phenyl; and each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represents hydrogen, acyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, arylalkylaminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, alkylsulfonyl, arylalkylsulfonyl, or arylsulfonyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are linked to each other to represent divalent acyl).