Abstract: A view finder optical system including a window of an eye piece portion comprising an eye cup having a contact surface, a shape of the contact surface being made so as to incline an axis of the lens with respect to an axis of the eye piece. The shape of the contact surface is curved corresponding to the lens's shape. The contact surface is made so as to conform to a lens of glasses.

Abstract: A filtering device for carrying out a filtering process in a space domain of image data derived from an external visual image input means and then delivering control information to a controlled driving device with the filtering device containing fundamental operator generation device for generating fundamental operators within the same fundamental operator series, and a filtering processing device for carrying out a convolution of a fundamental operator with an image data array and conducting a sequential series of such convolutions with varying input data based upon data detected at the output of the filter processing, so that the sequential convolution attains an effect equivalent to that attained by the direct convolution of the initial image data array with an expanded operator.

Abstract: A focal point detecting optical apparatus has a focal point detecting optical system on an optical axis for reimaging a portion of a primary image formed in the vicinity of an optical axis through a taking lens on a row of light receiving elements linearly arranged by as a pair of images and detecting a focusing state in the vicinity of the optical axis; a focal point detecting optical system outside an optical axis for reimaging a portion of the primary image formed outside the optical axis on the row of light receiving elements and detecting a focusing state outside the optical axis; and light deflecting means disposed in the vicinity of an imaging surface on which the primary image is formed and deflecting beam of light outside the optical axis toward the optical axis side.

Abstract: An automatic focusing compact camera is provided with a pupil surface processing type focus detecting element. The detecting element has a plurality of units,each including a first light receiving element and a second light receiving element. The detecting element also includes a reimaging lens associated with the light receiving elements.

Abstract: A condenser lens disposed behind a film equivalent plane, a pair of light splitting elements disposed behind the condenser lens, and a focal point detecting apparatus. The radius of curvature of a front surface of the condenser lens at the film equivalent plane side is larger than that of a rear surface of the condenser. A path length L from the film equivalent plane to the rear surface of the condenser lens is set in a range of 3.2 mm>L>3.6 mm on the assumption that the path length L is not substantially expanded by a refractive material. The pair of light splitting elements are disposed in symmetricy with respect to a meridian plane of the condenser lens. The focal point detecting apparatus is adapted to detect a focal point by finding a relative positional displacement of an objective image which is reimaged by the pair of light splitting elements.

Abstract: A filtering device for carrying out a filtering process in a space domain of image data derived from an external visual image input means and then delivering control information to a controlled driving device with the filtering device containing fundamental operator generation device for generating fundamental operators within the same fundamental operator series, and a filtering processing device for carrying out a convolution of a fundamental operator with an image data array and conducting a sequential series of such convolutions with varying input data based upon data detected at the output of the filter processing, so that the sequential convolution attains an effect equivalent to that attained by the direct convolution of the initial image data array with an expanded operator.

Abstract: A viewfinder system for cameras and the like which automatically corrects its visibility to accommodate the particular version of the viewer. A lens in the viewfinder optical system, which is moveable to adjust visibility of the viewfinder, is automatically adjusted in response to the output of an eye refractometer that is constructed adjacent to and forms a part of the viewfinder optical system.

Abstract: An optical system for use in a focus detecting apparatus has a photographing lens for forming an image of an object, a condenser lens disposed behind, with respect to the photographic lens, a plane corresponding to a photographing film surface, and a pair of split optical elements located behind the condenser lens for splitting the image of the object. The split optical elements are symmetrical with respect to a meridional plane of the condenser lenses. Using a line sensor, a relative positional shift of the images is detected by the optical system to determine a focal position. The optical system has a sufficiently large spherical aberration that the diameter of the minimum circle of confusion at the maximum contrast position is larger than the width of one bit of the line sensor.

Abstract: In an optical system for use in a focus detection apparatus that includes a pair of diaphragm stops and a pair of optical splitting elements disposed just behind said diaphragm stops. Both pairs are symmetrical with respect to the principal axis of light. The optical system detects the focus position by detecting the relative positional mismatch between the refocused images of an object. The optical axis of each of said optical splitting elements is positioned away from the center of aperture of each of the diaphragm stops with respect to the principal axis of light so as to compensate for any transverse chromatic aberration that may develop in the focus detecting apparatus.

Abstract: An optical system for use in a focus detecting apparatus comprising a condenser lens disposed at a film equivalent surface or in the vicinity thereof and a pair of splitting optical elements which are disposed behind said condenser lens in a manner symmetrical with respect to the meridional plane of said condenser lens. The focus position is detected by sensing a relative positional mismatch between the images of the object refocused by the respective splitting optical elements. The rear surface of said condenser lens is an ellipsoidal surface which satisfies the relation -1<k<0 when it is expressed by the formula for a quadratic surface: ##EQU1## An auxiliary lens which is coaxial with said condenser lens is disposed just in front of said splitting optical elements.

Abstract: A lens meter having a focusing indication system with divided-image registration focusing comprises a condenser lens, a target having a nondiffusing transmissive surface and a slit pattern thereon, an objective lens, a lens mount for supporting a lens to be examined, a projection lens, a screen, the arrangement being such that the distance of movement in unison of the condenser lens and the target in the direction of an optical axis is read to detect the degree of the lens supported on the lens mount, an aperture plate disposed in the vicinity of a front focal point of the condenser lens and movable with the condenser lens and the target in the direction of the optical axis, and at least two deflection prisms disposed in intimate contact with the slit pattern on the target and having bases extending across the slit pattern and substantially perpendicularly to each other.

Abstract: A focus detecting device for optical devices such as cameras and microscopes, which like the human eye, can detect a point of focus in response not only to the contrast of an object but also to differences in hue. The invention provides a device which provides a measurement of contrast from an image projected onto sensors separated according to different ranges of wavelength. Focus is detected by the sensors as they measure the differences in the intensity of incident light reflected from an object under focus. The sensors also provide a measure of contrast in response to different wavelength ranges.

Abstract: A relay optical system used for focus detection including an optical lens system for forming the image of the exit pupil of a photographing lens, all or a part of said lens optical system for forming a secondary image of an image which is formed on a focusing plane by the photographing lens and a reflecting mirror provided in a plane where the image of said exit pupil is formed. The reflecting mirror is made up of a plurality of reflecting mirror portions which are obtained by dividing the reflecting mirror. The mirror portions divide the image of the exit pupil and have different optical axes, so that an image formed by the photographing lens is formed into secondary images the number of which is equal to the number of mirror parts. Sensor arrays are provided to receive the secondary images, respectively, to detect focusing from correlation of the images.

Abstract: An objective eye examination apparatus generates rotating pencil rays of infrared light and focuses one of them on the eye pupil via an adjustable wedge reflector 55, 57 for varying the effective length of the optical axis. Light reflected back by the retina and returned into the optical system is passed through an image rotator 41 onto a quadrant photocell 43. The wedge reflector is adjusted until the differential outputs from the photocell reach a desired value, whereby the necessary reflector adjustment is indicative of refractive power. Unfocusable fogging light is also introduced into the eye via a dichroic mirror 39, and a further photocell 35 is disposed to receive light reflected back from the cornea only when the eye is properly positioned and open.