Abstract: Disclosed are guide apparatus for guiding an advancing continuous fiber bundle, a winding machine having the guide apparatus installed therein, a method for making a bobbin of a continuous fiber bundle, particularly that of carbon fibers, and a carbon fiber bobbin made by using the winding machine; and the guide apparatus comprises: a pair of a first and a second guides disposed on the passage of the fiber bundle, axis lines of which guides are in a relation twisted away from each other in a space, and a parallel guide disposed at the downstream side of the pair of the guides, axis line of which parallel guide is parallel to that of the bobbin, the first guide being a flat or a conical guide, and the second guide being a conical guide.

Abstract: (Problems) Providing a polymer, a composition and a molded article, which are inexpensive and have great chemical stability and high mechanical strength with no content of halogen elements and less environmental burden during disposal. (Means for Resolution) A copolymer containing at least two or more polymer segments, where at least one polymer segment contains a phosphoryl derivative represented by the following general formula (1) and at least one polymer segment never contains a phosphoryl derivative represented by the following general formula (1): (where R independently represents hydrocarbon, an aromatic ring, hydrogen, a metal ion or onium ion).

Abstract: Power generation is performed by immobilizing an electron mediator having a standard electrode potential (E0?) at pH 7 in the range of ?0.13 V to ?0.28 V to one of a pair of electrodes to form an anode 1 and electrically connecting the other electrode as a cathode 3 to the anode 1 to form a closed circuit, bringing the anode 1 into contact with microorganisms capable of growing under anaerobic conditions and a solution or suspension 4 containing an organic substance to advance the oxidation reaction by microorganisms using the organic substance as an electron donor, separating the cathode 3 and the solution or suspension through an electrolyte membrane 2 to advance the reduction reaction using oxygen as an electron acceptor at the cathode, and accelerating the oxidation reaction in the biological system.

Abstract: Disclosed are guide apparatus for guiding an advancing continuous fiber bundle, a winding machine having the guide apparatus installed therein, a method for making a bobbin of a continuous fiber bundle, particularly that of carbon fibers, and a carbon fiber bobbin made by using the winding machine; and the guide apparatus comprises: a pair of a first and a second guides disposed on the passage of the fiber bundle, axis lines of which guides are in a relation twisted away from each other in a space, and a parallel guide disposed at the downstream side of the pair of the guides, axis line of which parallel guide is parallel to that of the bobbin, the first guide being a flat or a conical guide, and the second guide being a conical guide.