Abstract: To provide a fluoropolymer which has a high concentration of functional groups to provide adequate characteristics of the functional groups and which brings about no decrease of Tg. A fluoropolymer having monomer units formed by cyclopolymerization of a functional group-containing fluorinated diene represented by the formula (1): CFR1?CR2-Q-CR3?CHR4??(1) wherein each of R1 to R4 which are independent of one another, represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having at most 8 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and at least one of them is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, provided that hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group or the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted by a fluorine atom, an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group; and Q represents a bivalent organic group having a blocked acidic group capable of developing an acidic group by an acid or a group capable of being converted into such a blocked acidic group.

Abstract: To provide a fluoropolymer which has a high concentration of functional groups to provide adequate characteristics of the functional groups and which brings about no decrease of Tg. A fluoropolymer having monomer units formed by cyclopolymerization of a functional group-containing fluorinated diene represented by the formula (1): CFR1?CR2-Q-CR3?CHR4??(1) wherein each of R1 to R4 which are independent of one another, represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having at most 8 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and at least one of them is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, provided that hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group or the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted by a fluorine atom, an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group; and Q represents a bivalent organic group having a blocked acidic group capable of developing an acidic group by an acid or a group capable of being converted into such a blocked acidic group.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer (A) having units derived from monomer units formed by cyclopolymerization of at least one fluorinated diene selected from a fluorinated diene represented by the formula (1) and a fluorinated diene represented by the formula (2), and units derived from monomer units formed by cyclopolymerization of a fluorinated diene represented by the formula (3): CF2?CFCF2—C(CF3)(OR1)—CH2CH?CH2??(1) CF2?CFCH2—CH((CH2)nC(CF3)2(OR1))—CH2CH?CH2??(2) CF2?CFCH2—CH(COOR2)—CH2CH?CH2??(3) wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a blocked group of a hydroxyl group capable of being converted into a hydrogen atom by an acid, or a blocked carboxyl group-containing organic group capable of being converted into a carboxyl group-containing organic group by an acid, R2 represents a hydrocarbon group having at most 20 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: To provide a fluoropolymer suitable for use as a base polymer for resist materials for excimer lasers having a wavelength of 250 nm or shorter. A fluoropolymer having a monomer unit formed by cyclopolymerization of a fluorinated diene compound represented by the following formula (3), CF2?CFCF2—C(CF3)(R5)—CH2CH?CH2 ??(3) wherein R5 is either a hydroxyl group blocked by —CHR7—O—R8 or an organic group having the hydroxyl group, and R8 is a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon such as a cycloalkyl group which may have a substituent, or an organic group having the cyclic saturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A resist composition which can easily form a resist pattern excellent in transparency for vacuum ultraviolet rays such as an F2 excimer laser or the like and dry etching characteristics and further excellent in sensitivity, resolution, flatness, thermal resistance and the like, is provided. The resist composition, characterized by comprising (A) a fluorine-containing polymer having an acidic group blocked with a blocking group containing a cycloalkyl group, an organic group having one or more of cycloalkyl groups, a bicycloalkyl group or the like, (B) an acid generating compound capable of generating an acid by irradiation with a light, and (C) an organic solvent.

Abstract: To provide a fluoropolymer which has a high concentration of functional groups to provide adequate characteristics of the functional groups and which brings about no decrease of Tg. A fluoropolymer having monomer units formed by cyclopolymerization of a functional group-containing fluorinated diene represented by the formula (1): CFR1?CR2-Q-CR3?CHR4 ??(1) wherein each of R1 to R4 which are independent of one another, represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, an alkyl group having at most 8 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, and at least one of them is an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, provided that hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group or the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted by a fluorine atom, an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group; and Q represents a bivalent organic group having a blocked acidic group capable of developing an acidic group by an acid or a group capable of being converted into such a blocked acidic group.

Abstract: A 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trans-4-substituted cyclohexyl)ethylene of the formula (1):R--(A).sub.m --Cy--CF=CF.sub.2 (1)wherein R is a C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, a halogen atom or a cyano group, provided that in the case of the alkyl group, an oxygen atom may be interposed in a carbon-carbon bond of the alkyl group or in a carbon-carbon bond between this alkyl group and A, some of carbon-carbon bonds in the alkyl group may be triple bonds or double bonds, one --CH.sub.2 -- group in the alkyl group may be substituted by a carbonyl group, and some or all of hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may be substituted by fluorine atoms;Cy is an unsubstituted trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group;A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group, wherein each of such cyclic groups is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or cyano groups, one or more =CH-- groups constituting rings of such cyclic groups may be substituted by nitrogen atoms, and one or more --CH.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a difluoro-derivative compound of the formula R.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Y.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --CF.dbd.CF--C.tbd.C--A.sup.3 --(Y.sup.2 --A.sup.4).sub.n --R.sup.2 (wherein each of A.sup.1 to A.sup.4 is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexenylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group, each of m and n is 0 or 1, and each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, a halogen atom or a cyano group).The compound of the present invention has a low viscosity and is stable against lights, and a high speed response is expected by using it for a liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: A 2-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzoyl compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl group, and R.sup.7 is a 2,4-difluorophenyl group or a 4-fluorophenyl group.

Abstract: Fluorinated benzoyl compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Q is a lower alkyl group, a halogen atom, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group, or ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a lower alkyl group.

Abstract: Fluorinated benzoyl compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Q is a lower alkyl group, a halogen atom, --CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 R.sup.1 wherein R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group, or ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is a lower alkyl group, are disclosed.

Abstract: A monolithic catalyst converter for use with a car, motorcycle or the like for purifying exhaust gas emanating therefrom. A cylindrical casing is made up of longitudinally divided cylindrical casing halves and stores a catalyst carrier which is wrapped in a retainer member. Flanges extend on each of the casing halves in the lengthwise direction of the casing. Predetermined magnitudes of load are applied in predetermined directions to the cylindrical casing to mate the flanges to each other and, in the mating position, the flanges are rigidly connected to each other.