Abstract: A composite material structure includes a composite material including a carbon fiber and a resin; a conductive primer including a carbon nanofiber and applied at least on a surface of the edge of the composite material; and a conductive sealant including a conductive material and applied on the surface of the conductive primer.

Abstract: The present invention aims at provision of a patch preparation having a small area and permitting adhesion for a long time. The present invention provides a patch preparation having an adhesive layer on at least one surface of a support, wherein the adhesive layer contains an adhesive, a poorly soluble drug, a first organic liquid component, a second organic liquid component, a third organic liquid component and crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, the solubility of the poorly soluble drug in the first organic liquid component is not less than the solubility of the poorly soluble drug in the second organic liquid component, and the solubility of the poorly soluble drug in the second organic liquid component is not less than the solubility of the poorly soluble drug in the third organic liquid component.

Abstract: A penam derivative represented by the following general formula or a salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an amino-protecting group or an acyl group; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group or a formamido group; R.sup.4 represents an protected or unprotected carboxyl group or a carboxylato group; R represents a group of the formula, --NHR.sup.5 or --NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 (in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, represent protected or unprotected hydroxyl groups, cyano groups, sulfo groups, or unsubstituted or substituted lower alkyl, aryl, acyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, lower alkylsulfonyl or heterocyclic groups) or a group of the formula, --N.dbd.CR.sup.7 R.sup.8 (in which R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: A penam derivative represented by the following general formula or a salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an amino-protecting group or an acyl group; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group or a formamido group; R.sup.4 represents a protected or unprotected carboxy group or a craboxylato group; R represents a group of the formula, --NHR.sup.5 or --NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 (in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, represent protected or unprotected hydroxyl groups, cyano groups, sulfo groups, or unsubstituted or substituted lower alkyl, aryl, acyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, lower alkylsulfonyl or heterocyclic groups) or a group of the formula, --N.dbd.CR.sup.7 R.sup.8 (in which R.sup.7 and R.sup.