Abstract: An integrated heat exchanger has a heat exchanger within a circuit board. The circuit board can be a PCB having one or more electronic components coupled to its top-side surface. The conductive layers of the PCB include a first sub-set of electrically conductive interconnects and as second sub-set of electrically conductive interconnects. The first sub-set of conductive layers are electrically connected to each other and to the one or more electronic components. The second sub-set of conductive layers are electrically isolated from the first sub-set of conductive layers by intervening non-conductive layers such as prepreg. In this manner, the heat exchanger is electrically isolated from the one or more electronic components. The second sub-set of conductive layers include a dedicated top-side conductive layer to which a baseplate can be attached. The baseplate is also attached to the one or more electronic components via an electrically non-conductive gap filler.

Abstract: A power conversion circuit has a multilayer transformer and a plurality of rectifying transistors coupled to the secondary windings of the multilayer transformer. The multilayer transformer is formed as multiple layers within a PCB stack, where primary winding conductors and secondary winding conductors are vertically aligned and stacked. The secondary winding conductors are constructed to have one or more secondary winding arms that provide area to which the plurality of rectifying transistors are physically connected. The primary winding conductors are constructed to have a primary winding arm. A footprint of each primary winding conductor is configured to substantially overlap an entire footprint of each of the secondary winding conductors. As such, an entirety of the secondary current flowing through the secondary winding conductors is vertically aligned with the primary winding conductors, and therefore with the primary current flowing through the secondary winding conductors.

Abstract: A power conversion circuit has a multilayer transformer and a plurality fo rectifying transistors coupled to the secondary windings of the multilayer transformer. The multilayer transformer is formed as multiple layers within a PCB stack, where primary winding conductors and secondary winding conductors are vertically aligned and stacked. The secondary winding conductors are constructed to have one or more secondary winding arms that provide area to which the plurality of rectifying transistors are physically connected. The primary winding conductors are constructed to have a primary winding arm. A footprint of each primary winding conductor is configured to substantially overlap an entire footprint of each of the secondary winding conductors. As such, an entirety of the secondary current flowing through the secondary winding conductors is vertically aligned with the primary winding conductors, and therefore with the primary current flowing through the secondary winding conductors.

Abstract: A control circuit for a switched mode power supply (SMPS) has an input voltage reference voltage generator arranged to receive a signal indicative of an input voltage of the SMPS and is arranged to generate a reference signal directly proportional to the input voltage. An error signal generator of the control circuit is arranged to receive a signal indicative of an output voltage of the SMPS and arranged to generate an error signal based on the reference signal generated by the input reference voltage generator and based on the output voltage of the SMPS. A duty cycle control signal generator of the control circuit is arranged to generate a control signal, to control the duty cycle of the SMPS, in dependence upon the error signal.

Abstract: A controller for controlling an output voltage of a switched mode power supply (SMPS) comprising a sampling module arranged to sample a signal indicative of the output voltage of the SMPS at a frequency higher than a switching frequency of the SMPS, and a filter module arranged to filter out a ripple component of the sampled signal, comprising: a ripple component estimation module arranged to estimate the ripple component by calculating, for each sample of a plurality of the samples of the signal, an average sample value using the sample value and sample values obtained at corresponding points in preceding switching periods of the SMPS, the sample at each of said corresponding points being separated from said sample of the plurality of samples by a respective integer number of switching periods of the SMPS.

Abstract: An isolated fly-buck converter is provided for converting an input voltage to an output voltage, and for generating a voltage indicative of the input voltage. The isolated fly-buck converter comprises on its secondary side an input voltage sensing circuit for generating the voltage indicative of the input voltage, the input voltage sensing circuit comprising a capacitive element and a rectifying element connected in series. The input voltage sensing circuit is connected across a secondary winding of the isolated fly-buck converter such that the rectifying element prevents current from flowing through the input voltage sensing circuit during the fly-buck phase of operation of the converter.

Abstract: A control circuit operable to generate a control signal to control the duty cycle of a switched mode power supply is provided. The control circuit comprises an input terminal for receiving a signal indicative of an input voltage (Vin) of the switched mode power supply, and a reference signal generator to generate, in dependence upon the received signal, a reference signal (VR) that is a function of the input voltage (Vin). The control circuit further comprises an error signal generator to receive a signal indicative of an output voltage (Vout) of the switched mode power supply and to generate an error signal (VE) based on the reference signal (VR) and based on the output voltage, a low pass filter, and a duty cycle control signal generator to generate the control signal to control the duty cycle of the switched mode power supply in dependence upon the error signal (VE).

Abstract: There is provided a controller for controlling an output current of a switched mode power supply, SMPS. The controller comprises a sampling module arranged to sample a signal indicative of the output current of the SMPS at a frequency higher than a switching frequency of the SMPS, and a filter module arranged to filter out a ripple component of the sampled signal. The filter module comprises: a ripple component estimation module arranged to estimate the ripple component; a moving average calculation module arranged to calculate a moving average of the sampled signal; and a subtraction module arranged to generate a filtered signal by subtracting the estimated ripple component from the sampled signal and the calculated moving average. The controller also has a switching control module arranged to generate a control signal for controlling at least one of the switching frequency and a switching duty cycle of the SMPS based on the filtered signal.

Abstract: An isolated fly-buck converter is provided for converting an input voltage to an output voltage, and for generating a voltage indicative of the input voltage. The isolated fly-buck converter comprises on its secondary side an input voltage sensing circuit for generating the voltage indicative of the input voltage, the input voltage sensing circuit comprising a capacitive element and a rectifying element connected in series. The input voltage sensing circuit is connected across a secondary winding of the isolated fly-buck converter such that the rectifying element prevents current from flowing through the input voltage sensing circuit during the fly-buck phase of operation of the converter.

Abstract: A method of operating a switched mode power supply comprising a switched mode converter and a control arrangement. The switched mode converter converts an input voltage to an output voltage and includes a primary winding, controllable switch based circuitry connecting the input voltage over the primary winding, a secondary winding coupled to the primary winding, and an LC filter including an inductive element and a capacitive element, wherein the output voltage is obtained as the voltage over the capacitive element and a duty cycle of the switched mode converter can be controlled by controlling the switch based circuitry. The switched mode converter is controlled depending on measurements of the input and output voltages in a hybrid regulated ratio control scheme. The power of the switched mode power supply is shut off or a current thereof is limited, when a current of the switched mode power supply reaches a maximum current.

Abstract: An isolated buck converter for converting an analog input voltage to an analog output voltage is capable of transferring digital data from the primary side to the secondary side. The converter comprises, on a primary side, a primary winding and a non-isolated buck connected in series, and a pair of switches switchable between a forward phase and a fly-buck phase. A secondary winding, on a secondary side, is inductively coupled to the primary winding, and a first capacitive element is connected over the secondary winding. The output voltage is achieved as the voltage over the first capacitive element. Further, the converter comprises, at the secondary side, supplementary circuitry by aid of which digital data can be transferred from the primary side to the secondary side.

Abstract: An isolated fly-buck converter provided for converting an input voltage (Vin) to an output voltage (VS) comprises (i) on a primary side, a primary winding (X1) and a non-isolated buck (CP) connected in series, and a pair of switches (Q1, Q2), wherein the switches are switchable between a forward phase, in which the primary winding and the non-isolated buck are connected to the input voltage, and a fly-buck phase, in which the primary winding and the non-isolated buck are disconnected from the input voltage and are connected to one another in a closed circuit; and (ii) on a secondary side, a secondary winding (X2) coupled to the primary winding, and a first capacitive element (CS) connected over the secondary winding and a first rectifying element (D1) connected to the secondary winding to prevent current from being flown through the secondary winding during the forward phase, wherein the output voltage is achieved as the voltage over the first capacitive element.

Abstract: An isolated buck converter for converting an analog input voltage to an analog output voltage is capable of transferring digital data from the primary side to the secondary side. The converter comprises, on a primary side, a primary winding and a non-isolated buck connected in series, and a pair of switches switchable between a forward phase and a fly-buck phase. A secondary winding, on a secondary side, is inductively coupled to the primary winding, and a first capacitive element is connected over the secondary winding. The output voltage is achieved as the voltage over the first capacitive element. Further, the converter comprises, at the secondary side, supplementary circuitry by aid of which digital data can be transferred from the primary side to the secondary side.

Abstract: A switched mode power supply comprising a switched mode converter and a controller for controlling the switched mode converter, the switched mode converter being provided for converting an input voltage to an output voltage and including, on a primary side, a primary winding and a controllable switch based circuitry connecting the input voltage over the primary winding; and, on a secondary side, a secondary winding coupled to the primary winding and a capacitive element connected over the secondary winding, wherein the output voltage is obtained as the voltage over the capacitive element.

Abstract: There is provided a controller for controlling an output current of a switched mode power supply, SMPS. The controller comprises a sampling module arranged to sample a signal indicative of the output current of the SMPS at a frequency higher than a switching frequency of the SMPS, and a filter module arranged to filter out a ripple component of the sampled signal. The filter module comprises: a ripple component estimation module arranged to estimate the ripple component; a moving average calculation module arranged to calculate a moving average of the sampled signal; and a subtraction module arranged to generate a filtered signal by subtracting the estimated ripple component from the sampled signal and the calculated moving average. The controller also has a switching control module arranged to generate a control signal for controlling at least one of the switching frequency and a switching duty cycle of the SMPS based on the filtered signal.

Abstract: A switched mode power supply comprises a switched mode converter (12) and a controller for controlling the switched mode converter, wherein the switched mode converter is provided for converting an input voltage (Vin) to an output voltage (Vout) and includes, on a primary side, a primary winding (X1) and a controllable switch based circuitry (31) connecting the input voltage over the primary winding; and, on a secondary side, a secondary winding (X2) coupled to the primary winding, and a capacitive element (C) connected over the secondary winding, wherein the output voltage is obtained as the voltage over the capacitive element.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods, systems and a module for operating a power converter module, the power converter module comprises a voltage source, a remote control terminal configured to be connected to a voltage potential for remote control of the power converter module. A voltage converter is configured to send an alarm signal, determine the voltage potential of the remote control terminal, and control an output voltage of the voltage converter at an output terminal of the power converter module based on the determined voltage potential of the remote control terminal. An alarm branch is configured to change the voltage potential of the remote control terminal by a voltage source in response to an alarm signal from the voltage converter when the remote control terminal is connected to a voltage potential, thereby causing the voltage converter to control the output voltage at the output terminal.

Abstract: A multi-layered printed circuit board, PCB, includes first windings for a first side of a planar magnetic transformer and second windings for a second side of the planar magnetic transformer. The PCB further includes conductive layers configured as the first windings, conductive layers configured as the second windings, and layers of an isolation material. Each layer of the isolation material is arranged between two conductive layers to provide electrical isolation between the two conductive layers. A group of two or more adjacent conductive layers are all conductive layers of the first windings and are all arranged between two conductive layers of the second windings. The thickness of the isolation material between the group of adjacent conductive layers of the first windings is less than the thickness of the isolation material between a conductive layer of the second windings and a conductive layer of the first windings.

Abstract: A switched mode power supply (400), comprising a transformer (410) having a primary winding (410-1), a transformer core (410-3) configured to store energy transferred thereto from the primary winding (410-1) during operation, and a secondary winding (410-2) having a first terminal (T1) and a second terminal (T2). The switched mode power supply also has a primary side circuit (Q1, Q2, C1) arranged to generate voltage pulses and thereby to drive the primary winding (410-1) of the transformer (410), and a secondary side circuit comprising a rectification circuit connected to the secondary winding (410-2) at the first and second terminals (T1, T2).

Abstract: A control circuit operable to control the switching of switching elements in a switched mode power supply. The control circuit comprises a switching control signal generator operable to generate control signals for switching the switching elements such that the switched mode power supply converts an input voltage (Vin) to an output voltage Vout). The control circuit further comprises an operation mode setting module which is operable to receive a signal (I) indicative of a current flowing to a load that is connected to an output of the switched mode power supply, and operable to cause the switching control signal generator to generate the control signals so as to operate the switched mode power supply in a continuous conduction mode or a pulse skipping mode in dependence upon the current.