Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump; a disinfection loop including the PD fluid pump, the disinfection loop including PD fluid used for disinfecting the disinfection loop; and a carbon dioxide (CO2), source positioned and arranged to supply CO2 to the disinfection loop to inhibit and/or remove the production of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) during a disinfection sequence. The PD system includes a control unit configured to open a valve to allow CO2 to be supplied, wherein the control unit may use a lookup table or algorithm to determine the desired pressure or pressure increase.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a housing, a dialysis fluid pump, a dual lumen patient line extending from the housing, and a filter set including a filter located along a first line. A second line of the filter set is parallel with the first line, where the first line is in fluid communication with a first lumen of the dual lumen patient line and the second line is in fluid communication with a second lumen of the dual lumen patient line. The PD system also includes a pressure sensor positioned to sense a static or substantially static negative PD fluid pressure in the first lumen while used PD fluid is pulled through the second lumen of the dual lumen patient line. A control unit is configured to use the sensed static or substantially static negative PD fluid pressure in a pressure control routine for the dialysis fluid pump.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump configured to pump PD fluid along a line under negative pressure and to create a negative pressure profile having a maximum negative pressure and a minimum negative pressure; a pressure sensor positioned and arranged to sense the negative pressure profile and to produce an output indicative of the negative pressure profile including a maximum negative pressure output and a minimum negative pressure output; and a control unit configured to analyze the output indicative of the negative pressure profile and to determine that an occlusion in the line has occurred if both the maximum negative pressure output and the minimum negative pressure output change by at or more than a set pressure delta, wherein the set pressure delta is optionally the same pressure delta for the maximum negative pressure output and the minimum negative pressure output.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump including a reciprocating member having a home position; at least one pressure sensor positioned and arranged to sense pressure PD fluid pumped by the PD fluid pump; and a control unit configured to control the PD fluid pump and to take PD fluid pressure readings from the at least one pressure sensor, the control unit further configured to use the PD fluid pressure readings to determine when the reciprocating member is in the home position, and to stop the PD fluid pump when the reciprocating member is in the home position.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a housing; a dialysis fluid pump housed by the housing; a dual lumen patient line extending from the housing; a filter set including a final stage filter located along a first line, and which includes a second line in parallel with the first line, the first line in fluid communication with a first lumen of the dual lumen patient line, and the second line in fluid communication with a second lumen of the dual lumen patient line; a pressure sensor located within the housing and positioned so as to sense a static or substantially static PD fluid pressure in the second lumen while fresh PD fluid is pumped through the first lumen and the final stage filter; and a control unit configured to use the sensed static or substantially static pressure in a pressure control routine for the dialysis fluid pump.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system (10) includes a PD machine (20); a patient line (50) extending from the PD machine (20); and a filter set (100) in fluid communication with the patient line (50), the filter set (100) including at least one filter membrane (120a, 120b, such as a bacteria reduction or sterilizing grade filter membrane) positioned and arranged such that fresh PD fluid flows through the at least one filter membrane (120a, 120b) prior to exiting the filter set (100), the filter set (100) further including a used PD fluid tube (106u) positioned and arranged to carry used PD fluid past the at least one filter membrane (120a, 120b) without contacting the at least one filter membrane (120a, 120b). A method for priming filter set (100) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump, a PD fluid heater positioned and arranged to heat fresh PD fluid pumped by the PD fluid pump, and a phase change material (“PCM”) device positioned and arranged to receive fresh PD fluid heated by the PD fluid heater. The PCM device includes a PCM having a melting temperature selected so that the PCM solidifies when underheated fresh PD fluid contacts the PCM transferring heat to the underheated fresh PD fluid. Alternatively or additionally, the PD system may include a different PCM device having a PCM with a melting temperature selected so that the PCM melts when overheated fresh PD fluid contacts the PCM thereby removing heat from the overheated fresh PD fluid. A configuration for the PCM device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for assessing the functionality of solenoid valve activation in peritoneal dialysis systems. In at least one embodiment, measurements of current values may be received from a solenoid valve at a predetermined sampling rate over a predetermine duration of time to generate a current profile for the solenoid valve. A fifth degree polynomial model may be fit to the current profile and optimized. The optimized polynomial model may be applied to a trained support vector machine to determine whether the current profile indicates that the corresponding solenoid valve has actually opened or closed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for reducing noise in solenoid valve activation and deactivation in peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) systems. In at least one embodiment, the PD system operates with solenoid valves under the control of a control unit. The control unit takes measures to control the movement of the solenoid valve to minimize the amount of sound that occurs at impact during activation and deactivation of the valve. The measures include the slowing of the movement of the valve plunger within the valve coil. In one aspect, the valve plunger may be slowed down by applying voltage to the valve coil through pulse width modulation (“PWM”).

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump, a dual lumen patient line including fresh and used PD fluid lumens, a filter set in fluid communication with the fresh and used PD fluid lumens, a valve provided either with a patient's transfer set or with the filter set, and a control unit configured, after a patient drain, to (i) prompt a patient or caregiver to close the valve when the valve is a manual valve, or (ii) cause the valve to close automatically when the valve is an electrically or pneumatically controlled valve. The control unit is further configured to cause the PD fluid pump, with the valve closed, to pump fresh, heated PD fluid into the fresh PD fluid lumen to displace unheated PD fluid from the fresh PD fluid lumen, through the filter set, into the used PD fluid lumen. A corresponding method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a housing, a PD fluid pump housed by the housing, and a reusable patient line extending from the housing. The reusable patient line includes a distal end configured to be connected to a patient line connector provided by the housing. The PD system also includes at least one reusable PD fluid line extending from the housing, the at least one reusable PD fluid line including a distal end configured to be connected to a PD fluid line connector provided by the housing. The PD system further includes a control unit configured to cause the PD fluid pump to apply a negative pressure to at least one of the reusable patient line or the at least one reusable PD fluid line when connected, respectively, to the patient line connector or the PD fluid line connector.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD machine including a housing, a PD fluid pump housed by the housing, a plurality of PD fluid lines, and a plurality of PD fluid line connectors positioned and arranged at the housing to accept distal ends of the PD fluid lines to perform a disinfection sequence. The PD system also includes a disinfection unit including a disinfection unit housing, a PD fluid line connector positioned and arranged at the disinfection unit housing for receiving one of the PD fluid lines of the PD machine for the disinfection sequence, a line extending from the disinfection unit housing for connecting to one of the PD fluid line connectors of the PD machine for the disinfection sequence, and a disinfection fluid pump housed by the disinfection unit for pumping disinfection fluid during the disinfection sequence.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump, a disinfection loop including the PD fluid pump, the disinfection loop including PD fluid used for disinfecting the disinfection loop, and an acid solution source positioned and arranged to supply an acid solution to the disinfection loop during disinfection using the PD fluid. The disinfection loop includes an airtrap and a pressure sensor positioned and arranged to sense PD fluid pressure during disinfection, the pressure sensor outputting to a control unit, the control unit configured to open at least one gas valve located along at least one gas line leading to an upper portion of the airtrap when the PD fluid pressure reaches or exceeds a threshold PD fluid pressure due to gas formation caused by mixing the acid solution with the PD fluid.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for verifying reference voltage and analog-to-digital converter (“ADC”) values during medical fluid treatment. An example system comprises a control circuit including control ADC devices associated with respective control sensors to facilitate medical fluid treatment; and a protective circuit including protective ADC devices associated with protective sensors, wherein the control circuit and the protective circuit are galvanically isolated from one another; and a computing device having a memory and a processor. The computing device may be configured to initiate a pretreatment that exposes the control sensors and the protective sensors to common pretreatment conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure); receive, during the pretreatment, control ADC values and protective ADC values; and register an error for one or both of the control circuit or the protective circuit based on a comparison of a control ADC value with a protective ADC value.

Abstract: A medical fluid system includes a medical fluid pump configured to pump a medical fluid; electronics associated with the medical fluid pump or with other components of the medical fluid system; a thermoelectric heater positioned and arranged to heat medical fluid pumped by the medical fluid pump, the thermoelectric heater including a heated side and a cooled side; a heat exchanger through which medical fluid pumped by the medical fluid pump is heated, the heat exchanger positioned and arranged so as to be in thermal communication with the heated side of the thermoelectric heater; and a mounting plate, the electronics supported by the mounting plate, the mounting plate positioned and arranged so as to be in thermal communication with the cooled side of the thermoelectric heater.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a plurality of PD fluid components, a reusable PD fluid line selectively fluidly communicating with the PD fluid components, a source of PD fluid selectively fluidly communicating with the reusable PD fluid line, a source of anti-scaling fluid selectively fluidly communicating with the reusable PD fluid line, and a control unit configured to (i) operate the plurality of PD fluid components during treatment using PD fluid from the source heated to a treatment temperature, and (ii) circulate unused PD fluid heated to a disinfection temperature in combination with anti-scaling fluid from the source of anti-scaling fluid after treatment for disinfecting the plurality of PD fluid components and the reusable PD fluid line, the anti-scaling fluid provided in an amount configured to lower the pH of the unused PD fluid to a level below which precipitates are formed and above which the pH causes disinfection.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump; a disinfection loop including the PD fluid pump, the disinfection loop including PD fluid used for disinfecting the disinfection loop; and a carbon dioxide (CO2), source positioned and arranged to supply CO2 to the disinfection loop to inhibit and/or remove the production of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) during a disinfection sequence. The PD system includes a control unit configured to open a valve to allow CO2 to be supplied, wherein the control unit may use a lookup table or algorithm to determine the desired pressure or pressure increase.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system having an air-aided pumping sequence is disclosed herein. In an example, a PD system includes a housing, a PD fluid pump housed by the housing, an airtrap, a fluid line extending from the airtrap, a fluid line valve positioned and arranged to operate with the fluid line, a gas line extending from an upper portion of the airtrap, and a gas line valve positioned and arranged to operate with the gas line. The system also includes a control unit configured to cause the fluid line valve to close, the gas line valve to open, and the PD fluid pump to pump gas from the airtrap into the gas line after a patient drain to create a pocket of gas in the fluid line and push residual used PD fluid towards a drain line.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system includes a fluid pump; a pressure sensor for sensing pressure of fluid pumped by the fluid pump, wherein an output from the pressure sensor varies depending upon whether medical fluid or air is pumped during a pump stroke of the medical fluid pump; and a control unit configured to use the output from the pressure sensor to determine whether medical fluid or air is present during the pump stroke.

Abstract: An inline heating system including an inline heater including a heater element; a control unit configured to cause one of voltage or current to be applied to power the inline heater; and a current or voltage meter positioned and arranged to measure the other of current or voltage at the heater element due to the applied voltage or current, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine a heater element resistance using the applied voltage or current and the measured current or voltage as part of a no flow or low flow condition detection algorithm implemented by the control unit, wherein the voltage or current applied to power the inline heater is stopped if the no flow or low flow condition is detected.