Abstract: Method and apparatus for injecting gasification medium into particle-loaded gasification spaces of fixed-bed, fluidized-bed or entrained-bed gasifiers by means of gasification-medium nozzles, wherein the supply portion the isorate of the gasification medium in the gasification-medium nozzle does not fall below a minimum value, and in the adjoining acceleration portion the gasification medium is constantly accelerated and upon exit from the nozzle orifice is concentrated in a focus.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for injecting gasification medium into particle-loaded gasification spaces of fixed-bed, fluidized-bed or entrained-bed gasifiers by means of gasification-medium nozzles, wherein the supply portion the isorate of the gasification medium in the gasification-medium nozzle does not fall below a minimum value, and in the adjoining acceleration portion the gasification medium is constantly accelerated and upon exit from the nozzle orifice is concentrated in a focus.

Abstract: A reactor for gasifying solid fuels, particularly coal, comprises with the fixed bed of fuel at least one stirring arm, which is rotatable about a vertical axis and is approximately triangular in cross-section. The forward knife edge and the rear crushing edge of the stirring arm are provided with replaceable armoring. The armoring at the knife edge consists of a plurality of armoring elements (7), which are approximately V-shaped in cross-section and are arranged one beside the other so as to define an expansion joint. The armoring at the crushing edge consists also of a plurality of elements (10), which are mounted on the stirring arm so as to be movable at ambient temperature.

Abstract: Coarse-grained solid fuels in particle sizes of at least 2 mm are gasified under a pressure of 5 to 150 bars in a fixed bed which is slowly descending and into which the gasifying agents are introduced from below whereas the incombustible mineral constituents are withdrawn as solid ash or liquid slag from the lower end of the bed. Fine-grained solid fuels are gasified in a fluidized bed under a pressure of 1 to 100 bars. Oxygen, steam and/or carbon dioxide are used as gasifying agents for the gasification in the fixed bed and in the fluidized bed. The product gas from the fluidized-bed gasifier has a temperature of 700.degree. to 1200.degree. C. and is indirectly cooled with water. The resulting steam is fed as gasifying agent to the fixed-bed gasifier. The product gas from the fixed-bed gasifier can be indirectly cooled to produce steam and at least part of said steam is fed as gasifying agent to the fluidized-bed gasifier.