Abstract: The invention relates to communications systems, and especially to real-time data (two-party or multi-party) communication in communications systems. A real-time data item is sent from a sending terminal to a number of receiving terminals over a communication system. In accordance with the present invention, each receiving user terminal acknowledges the reception of the item by sending an item acknowledgement report after the end of the item. The acknowledgement report may be sent after a successful reception of the item, unsuccessful reception of the item or in both cases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for storing data (DATA) on a memory medium (MEM). The data (DATA) forms a file totality (FILE) and the memory medium (MEM) includes several unit-storage areas (U1-U10). At least one first bookkeeping (FDE, FAT) is maintained of the storage state of the memory medium, which consists of information of the location in the unit-storage areas of the data belonging to each file totality. In the storing process—the data is stored in the unit storage areas and—the said first bookkeeping, for example, concerning the location of the data in the unit storage areas, is updated. The data forming the said file totality is stored as file parts (file1, file2, fileN), on the data (data1, data2, . . . , dataN) of which the said storing process is performed.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a touch sensitive input panel operable to detect a location of a touch input and a pressure pad arranged to detect a force due to the touch input.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for storing data (DATA) on a memory medium (MEM). The data (DATA) forms a file totality (FILE) and the memory medium (MEM) includes several unit-storage areas (U1-U10). At least one first bookkeeping (FDE, FAT) is maintained of the storage state of the memory medium, which consists of information of the location in the unit-storage areas of the data belonging to each file totality. In the storing process—the data is stored in the unit storage areas and—the said first bookkeeping, for example, concerning the location of the data in the unit storage areas, is updated. The data forming the said file totality is stored as file parts (file1, file2, fileN), on the data (data1, data2, . . . , dataN) of which the said storing process is performed.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a digital camera apparatus including an image sensor; a memory for a long-term storing of a still photograph and/or a video taken by means of the image sensor; a monitor screen for displaying a view taken by means of the image sensor and/or an image data stored in the memory; a graphic controller for displaying a mark on the screen and capable of skewing the mark on the screen; a user interface for supplying to the graphic controller a signal initiating to change an amount of the skewing of the mark, and; an image processor for correcting an image data based on the amount of the skewing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic device (10), which includes-a case structure (23), -a display component (19) fitted in connection with the case structure, -camera devices that can be oriented, fitted inside the case structure, including an image sensor (12) fitted entirely inside and optics (20.1, 20.2, 20.2?), and-an aperture arrangement (21.1, 21.2) fitted in the case structure, for exposing the image sensor from the outside, and in which the image sensor is arranged to be rotatable to at least two exposure directions (FS, BS), according to which the aperture arrangement (21.1, 21.2) is arranged in the case structure. At least part of the optics (20.2?) is arranged to be rotatable along with the image sensor (12).

Abstract: The invention relates to a photoelectric element (10), which is arranged to visualize digital photoelectric information, in which the said element (10) is formed of several emission-pixel elementary units (R, G, B) arranged vertically and horizontally, which pixel elementary units (R, G, B) are arranged to emit light and the joint effect of which emission-pixel elementary units (R, G, B) being to arrange the said information to be visualized using the element (10). In addition, detection-pixel elementary units (D), which are arranged to essentially simultaneously detect light in order to form digital information from it, are also arranged in the said photoelectric element (10). The invention also relates to terminal equipment using the element.

Abstract: The invention relates to communications systems, and especially to real-time data (two-party or multi-party) communication in communications systems. A real-time data item is sent from a sending terminal to a number of receiving terminals over a communication system. In accordance with the present invention, each receiving user terminal acknowledges the reception of the item by sending an item acknowledgement report after the end of the item. The acknowledgement report may be sent after a successful reception of the item, unsuccessful reception of the item or in both cases.

Abstract: A method for using channels in a time-division multiple access radio system which includes at least one base station and at least one mobile station and which operates on one or more carrier frequencies per base station. The carrier frequencies are divided into a plurality of physical channels including time slots and a predetermined number of time slots forming a frame. One of the base station's carriers is a main carrier on which a main control channel operates. At least one physical channel of the main carrier is used for transmitting broadcast control channels and the last one of said at least one physical channel is allocated to a traffic channel only if the base station does not have other physical channels available.

Abstract: A method of maintaining a group call in a mobile communication system comprising a network infrastructure and mobile stations, the method comprising the steps of: establishing a group call in which a first mobile station is prioritized and the mobile stations participating in said group call communicate in speech items, the frame structure comprising time slots that a second mobile station sending a speech item employs in its speech item. In the method, the first mobile station is allocated time slots or time periods in which only the first mobile station can transmit signalling messages to the network infrastructure; the first mobile station and the third mobile stations are transmitted data indicating in which time slots of time periods only the first mobile station can send signalling messages to the network infrastructure; and the third mobile stations refrain from sending their signalling messages in the time slots or time periods allocated to the first mobile station.

Abstract: A method of checking the presence of mobile stations (DMRU:2, 500) communicating on a direct mode channel. The method comprises the steps of: a) sending (302) a presence inquiry message (106) provided with an identity from a first mobile station to a second mobile station (DMRU:2) on the direct mode channel, b) receiving said presence inquiry message at the second mobile station (DMRU:2), c) comparing the identity contained in said presence inquiry message (106) with the identity of the second mobile station, d) if the comparison shows that the identities are identical, sending an acknowledgment (107) containing the identity of the second mobile station from the second mobile station to the first mobile station on the direct mode channel, and e) indicating the result of the presence inquiry to the user (101) of the first mobile station.

Abstract: A method of checking the presence of mobile stations (DMRU:2, 500) communicating on a direct mode channel. The method comprises the steps of: a) sending (302) a presence inquiry message (106) provided with an identity from a first mobile station to a second mobile station (DMRU:2) on the direct mode channel, b) receiving said presence inquiry message at the second mobile station (DMRU:2), c) comparing the identity contained in said presence inquiry message (106) with the identity of the second mobile station, d) if the comparison shows that the identities are identical, sending an acknowledgment (107) containing the identity of the second mobile station from the second mobile station to the first mobile station on the direct mode channel, and e) indicating the result of the presence inquiry to the user (101) of the first mobile station.

Abstract: A method of picking up mobile stations (DMRU1 to DMRU6) onto a direct mode channel (f2) in a radio system that comprises a first (f2) and a second (f1) direct mode channel, a repeater (R1) to which the first direct mode channel (f2) is allocated, and mobile stations (DMRU1 to DMRU6). In the method, the repeater (R1) tunes to and listens to the second direct mode channel (f1) and determines the moment when it can transmit on the second direct mode channel; the repeater (R1) transmits one or more pick-up messages on the second direct mode channel; the mobile stations (DMRU4, DMRU6, DMRU7) that communicate on the second direct mode channel (f1) receive the pick-up messages; and the desired mobile stations that communicate on the second direct mode channel (f1) switch, in response to the pick-up messages, to the first direct mode channel (f2) for communication.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing a telecommunications connection in a mobile communications system including a database, at least one base station communicating with mobile stations on system channels which include control channels and traffic channels. Mobile stations communicate with other mobile stations using the base station and the system channels or communicate directly using a direct mode channel. Time slots and frame structures of the system channels are synchronized with time slots and frame structures of the direct mode channels.

Abstract: A direct mode repeater for forwarding traffic between mobile stations communicating on a direct mode channel, includes a transceiver unit for forwarding radio messages between mobile stations communicating on a direct mode channel, and a control unit for controlling the operation of the repeater and for directing the transceiver unit to the direct mode channel. In order to prevent simultaneous transmission of several repeaters on the same direct mode channel. The transmission on the direct mode channel of the repeater that forwards radio messages on the direct mode channel contains at desired intervals the identifier of the repeater, the identifier indicating that the repeater forwards traffic on the direct mode channel.

Abstract: A method and a mobile unit for allocating speech items to mobile units communicating on a direct mode channel. In the method, a transmission of a first mobile unit is sent during the speech item of that mobile unit on the direct mode channel; a second mobile unit takes the speaking turn; and the transmission of the second mobile unit is sent during the speech item of the second mobile unit on the direct mode channel. The mobile units communicating on the direct mode channel are directed to operate in such a way that the first mobile unit is given the priority to start a speech item or request a speaking turn after the termination of the speech item of the second mobile unit before the other mobile units communicating on the direct mode channel.

Abstract: A method, a mobile communication system and a mobile station for establishing a telecommunication connection on a direct mode channel and for improving radio coverage by way of using a simple and cheap repeater. An inexpensive and simple repeater is achieved by, instead of using two transceivers, using two receivers and just one transmitter. A mobile station, prepared for direct mode communication, is able to switch between channels answering to commands sent from the repeater.