Abstract: An improved method for examining an at least partially transparent dispersed system which is trans-illuminated by a laser beam directed to a surface region of a photosensitive recording means is disclosed. The improvement is characterized by the steps of: producing a reference laser beam from the trans-illuminating laser beam before it passes through the dispersed system; directing the reference laser beam directly to a first portion of the surface region; optically recording the resulting interference pattern on the surface region, whereby the surface region comprises an off-line holographic record of the dispersed system in a first portion in which both the through-going and the reference laser beams are recorded and an in-line holographic record of the dispersed system in a second portion; and, reconstructing the in-line and off-line holographic records on disjunct fields of the region to provide appropriate, separately evaluable images of the dispersed system.

Abstract: Process is provided for the creation of crystal aggregates in one part of a tank by heat transfer from a fluid disposed in another part of the tank and maintained by heating or by cooling at a different temperature than the part containing the crystal aggregates. Both of these parts are separated from each other by a flexible membrane which is pulsated by dynamic local pressure differentials caused by foaming or by fluidizing the heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: The instant invention is particularly useful for using low-grade carbonaceous material to form aluminum-trichloride. Aluminous material and the carbonaceous material are comminuted either separately or together, and then the aluminous and carbonaceous materials are either compacted or mixed with a binder to form a doughlike paste. The compacting or mixing with the binder to form the dough-like paste is to insure that the particulate aluminous and carbonaceous materials have extremely close and intimate contact. The mixture is then calcined and chlorinated at an elevated temperature to form aluminum trichloride.

Abstract: A process for the production of aluminum chloride from raw materials such as coal slate or bituminous shale is disclosed. The raw material should preferably have an ash content of at least 30% by weight, and with the aluminum content of the ash being at least 20%, calculated as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The raw material is first calcined and then chlorinated with a gaseous stream containing chlorine and carbon monoxide to form the aluminum chloride product.

Abstract: A process for the production of aluminum chloride from raw materials such as coal slate or bituminous shale is disclosed. The raw material should preferably have an ash content of at least 30% by weight, and with the aluminum content of the ash being at least 20%, calculated as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The raw material is first calcined and then chlorinated with a gaseous stream containing chlorine and carbon monoxide to form the aluminum chloride product.