Abstract: In an automatic control method for moving a final control element, a position sensor delivers actual-position signals representing actual positions of the final control element to a computer, in which said actual position signals are compared with stored desired-position data associated with correcting signals for controlling an actuator for moving the final control element. In dependence on any deviation which is detected between said actual-position signals and desired-value data, the computer corrects the correcting signal so as to eliminate said deviation. To permit said desired-value data to be determined by an automatic operation, the final control element is consecutively moved to two reference positions, which are defined by stops and are disposed at or beyond the ends of the control range of the final control element.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for diesel engines comprises a housing, which contains a cylinder sleeve that has at least one radial fuel port. An injector plunger is slidably mounted in the cylinder sleeve and has two axially spaced apart valving edges for cooperation with the fuel port. The plunger is coupled to a plunger follower, which is movably mounted in the housing and which is operable by a camshaft via an actuating member against the force of a return spring. The stroke position of the plunger is adjustable by means of a stop, which is adjustable by means of a timing piston, which is movable in a timing cylinder, which is supplied with hydraulic oil through a check valve. To simplify the structure and to permit the stroke position of the plunger to be adjusted at a high speed, the timing cylinder is constituted by the plunger follower and is formed with an oil outlet port, which communicates with an outlet opening of the housing at the end of the discharge stroke of the plunger.

Abstract: A control system for controlling an internal combustion engine which is provided with at least one fuel injection pump which comprises for the control of the fuel injection pump a control rod, a servomotor, which is adapted to be mechanically coupled to said control rod, and a microcomputer for controlling said servomotor in dependence on operating conditions of the engine and on the position of an arbitrarily operable travel control lever. Means are provided for establishing a direct mechanical connection between the arbitrarily operable travel control lever and the control rod so that the latter can be moved under the control of the travel control lever in case of a failure of the electric system which comprises the sensors, the microcomputer and the servomotor.

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprises a nozzle body (1) and a nozzle needle (5) guided therein. The nozzle body (1) terminates in a nozzle cap (3) in which ejection bores (4) are provided and which forms at the inside a conical valve seat (6) against which the nozzle needle (5) is pressed. The nozzle needle (5) lifts under the pressure of the fuel supplied in a first lifting phase against the force of a spring (8) off the valve seat (6) and bears on a stop (19). This stop (19) is limitedly displaceable in a second lifting phase against the force of a further spring (9). To reduce the hydrocarbon emissions in the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine and diminish ignition noise, the generated surface (M) of the imaginary cylinder formed in extension of the ejection bore (4) between the inner edge (R) thereof and the surface of the nozzle needle (5) lifted off the valve seat in the first lifting phase is made smaller than the cross-section of the ejection bore (4).

Abstract: A fuel injection nozzle for internal combustion engines comprises a nozzle needle (2) guided in a nozzle body (1) and loaded by a helical pressure spring (4). The nozzle needle (2) moves under the pressure of the fuel out of its closure position onto a stop (6) which in turn is loaded by a further but stronger helical pressure spring (7) and limitedly displaceable against the force thereof. The stronger helical pressure spring (7) surrounds the weaker helical pressure spring (4) and the fuel flows through a bore (5) parallel to the spring axis. To achieve a reduction of the external diameter of the injection nozzle in the region of the two springs (4, 7) the latter arranged eccentrically rather than coaxially. Furthermore, between them a preferably likewise eccentric bush (8) is provided through which in the region of its greatest wall thickness the bore (5) for the inflowing fuel extends.

Abstract: An injection unit which is associated with a cylinder of a multicylinder diesel engine and comprises an injection nozzle and an injection piston pump which is disposed in a common housing and is driveable by a cam shaft. Said pump comprises a rotatable pump piston which is displaceable in a pump cylinder and has two control edges disposed axially spaced from each other for at least one fuel passage of the pump cylinder. To obtain the desired injection accuracy by accurately observing only a few dimensions during the production and without further tests, measuring and adjusting operations, the pump piston (3) and the pump cylinder (14) each comprise at least one stop face (24, 25) extending transversely preferably normal to the pump longitudinal axis. Said faces cooperate in the basic position of the pump piston (3) assumed in the installation of the unit in the engine directly or indirectly with simultaneous rotational position fixing of the pump piston (3).

Abstract: A fuel injection unit for each cylinder of a diesel engine includes a housing which accommodates a piston pump and an injection nozzle. The piston pump includes a cylinder liner in which a piston runs and controls a flow passage radially extending in the cylinder liner. The flow passage communicates with a supply space which is provided between the housing and the cylinder liner and is divided in vicinity of the flow passage by a baffle sleeve. The so formed two chambers are connected to separate inlet and outlet lines, i.e. that one chamber is connected to the inlet line while the other chamber communicates with the outlet line.

Abstract: A fuel-injecting pump for diesel engines comprises pump cylinders, which are associated with respective engine cylinders and enclose a pump piston, which is adapted to be driven by a camshaft. The pump cylinders are provided with at least one radial fuel port, which at its opening into the pump cylinder is adapted to be closed and opened by the pump piston, which has two axially spaced apart valve edges. The opening of the fuel port into the pump cylinder has in that region which during the discharge stroke of the pump is first reached by the opening valve edge a substantially larger radius of curvature in the peripheral direction than in the adjacent lateral regions. Said opening and the opening valve edge have a common tangent at that point of the opening which is reached last by the opening valve edge during the discharge stroke of the pump.

Abstract: A method and device for coordination of a signal to a sound event stored on a magnetic tape or the like, particularly for signalizing and locating the sound event. A tape drive device is operatively coupled with a counter. The sound playback is started, and when the user recognizes the sound event, the counter, in functional relationship with the tape transport, is activated. After a certain time interval or upon the occurrence of a counter value, the magnetic tape is shifted back and a repeated playback begins. Upon attaining the count condition ("O") the counter turns on a signal device providing a marking location signal. Upon a non-correspondence in time of the location signal with the sound event, the count condition of the counter, and thus the location signal, can be charged relative to the sound event, and the location signal is used for positioning the sound event with respect to a reference point on the device.

Abstract: A focusing device for the focusing movement of at least one member of an objective lens, with at least one photoelectric transducer or sensing device which is arranged on the axis of an optical system, by which transducer device in dependency on the contrast of the scene to be photographed which is illuminated by the ambient light a signal is able to be produced (passive range finding) and with an evaluation device for the signal which is produced by the photoelectric transducer device, by which device a special evaluation signal is able to be produced during insufficient contrast of the object to be photographed. By this special evaluation signal, a transmitting device for emitting an (active) distance measuring wave packet on the object to be photographed can be turned on by means of a switching device.

Abstract: A system for performance of photographing with moving picture cameras, still picture cameras or television cameras, particularly of direct sound - movie picture photography, whereby a signal receptor - and/or transmitting - device is coordinated to each photographic object, and the running time between the photographic object, and respectively, between the signal receptor - and/or transmitting - device and the camera is used for determining the distance of the photographic object from the camera and under the circumstances for the automatic distance setting of its camera taking lens.

Abstract: A cine camera for taking talking pictures comprises a film-feeding mechanism which includes a driven capstan and a pinch roller normally spaced therefrom to facilitate insertion of a section of film therebetween when the camera casing is loaded with a sound-film cassette. A sensor, upon detecting the presence of such cassette in a receiving chamber of the casing, causes the pinch roller to move closer to the capstan, either via a mechanical linkage or by deactivating a detent normally blocking a displacement of the pinch roller under spring pressure. This displacement under the control of the sensor may establish a standby position, with the pinch roller still separated from the capstan by a clearance wider than the film thickness, that clearance being subsequently reduced by the operation of a trigger, a mode-selector switch or the like to clamp the film between pinch roller and capstan.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the recording and reproduction of an audio signal for multi-channel play-back in which both a monaural signal and a code signal are recorded on a magnetic tape, the recorded code signal having characteristics in accordance with the selective feeding of the audio signal to the various channels together with an adjusting device through which the code signal is controlled to thereby control the distribution of the audio signal throughout the multi-channel reproduction apparatus during multi-channel reproduction of the audio signal.

Abstract: In order to establish a predetermined position of focusing or focal-length adjustment for an optical objective, a mechanism for the axial shifting of one or more lens members has a lost-motion zone in its operating range in which a continuing displacement of a control element does not change the focal length and/or distance of the objective. The halting of the lens shift (or, possibly, a compensatory displacement of an otherwise stationary lens member) can be brought about mechanically, with the aid of suitably shaped cam tracks, or electromechanically, via analog or binary position sensors. Arrival of the adjusting mechanism in the lost-motion zone may be signaled to the user by a detent, by a change in frictional resistance, or by a visual or acoustical indicator.

Abstract: The housing of a motion-picture camera has a cassette-receiving space into which at least one feeler projects to detect the insertion of a sound-film cassette differing in shape from a silent-film cassette. With both types of cassettes the film is intermittently transported past an image gate by a traction claw; in the case of a sound-film cassette a portion of the film downstream of the image window is accessible for engagement by a constant-speed feeder in the vicinity of a sound-recording head. The feed rate of the traction claw is stabilized by a centrifugal governor in the presence of a silent-film cassette; upon sensing a sound-film cassette, the feeler deactivates the governor and synchronizes the claw drive with the constant-speed feeder under the control of a mechanism, such as a loop detector, which measures the length of film between the image gate and the recording head.

Abstract: To measure the distance between a master station at a first location and a slave station at a second location, an interrogation pulse -- e.g. of light -- sent out by a transmitter at the master station is intercepted by a receiver at the slave station and, after a delay period T, triggers a transmitter at the latter station to send back a reply pulse to a receiver at the master station. The reply pulse starts another delay period T at the slave station, followed by the emission of a follow-up pulse. At the master station, the duration of the delay period T -- as measured from the arrival of the reply pulse to that of the follow-up pulse -- is deducted from the time measured between the emission of the interrogation pulse and the reception of the reply pulse to give an indication of the distance between the stations. Since this indication is independent of T, the delay period may be made variable to serve as a gauge for some other quantity such as the speed of a vehicle carrying the slave station.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cine camera with a shutter and a release which can be moved in the manner of a sequence switch from an inoperative position into two different operative positions, the shutter being switched on in the first operative position which follows the inoperative position and a stopping down device being switched on in the second operative position of the release.

Abstract: A cine camera for taking talking pictures comprises a film-feeding mechanism which includes a driven capstan and a pinch roller normally spaced therefrom to facilitate insertion of a section of film therebetween when the camera casing is loaded with a sound-film cassette. A sensor, upon detecting the presence of such cassette in a receiving chamber of the casing, causes the pinch roller to move closer to the capstan, either via a mechanical linkage or by deactivating a detent normally blocking a displacement of the pinch roller under spring pressure. This displacement under the control of the sensor may establish a standby position, with the pinch roller still separated from the capstan by a clearance wider than the film thickness, that clearance being subsequently reduced by the operation of a trigger, a mode-selector switch or the like to clamp the film between pinch roller and capstan.

Abstract: A cine camera for taking talking pictures comprises a film-feeding mechanism which includes a driven capstan and a pinch roller normally spaced therefrom to facilitate insertion of a section of film therebetween when the camera casing is loaded with a sound-film cassette. A trigger, serving to close a switch for energizing the film drive, becomes effective to move the pinch roller -- mechanically or electromagnetically -- into a working position close to the capstan after a support for this roller has been moved from a retracted position into a standby position by the displacement of an independently operable external actuating member. Continued depression of the trigger may prevent the roller support from returning to its retracted position even if the actuating member is released.

Abstract: A cine camera for taking talking pictures, in which a film is moved intermittently past an image gate by a reciprocating traction claw and continuously past a recording head by a rotating capstan coacting with a pinch roller, includes a latch by which the pinch roller can be held spaced from the capstan in an inactive position. The latching of the pinch roller in this inactive position, against the force of a biasing spring providing the necessary contact pressure during filming, is accomplished upon deactivation of the film drive by the residual kinetic energy of an inertial mass such as a flywheel which is coupled with either the capstan drive or the claw drive. The latch is released upon actuation of a trigger, either directly or through the intermediary of the claw drive. The biasing spring may be part of a toggle mechanism tripped by a presetting member, such as a sensor detecting the presence of a sound-film cassette in the camera.