Abstract: Process for the preparation of dimethyl ether comprising the steps of: a) providing a methanol containing feed stock; b) introducing the feed stock into a reaction zone within a gas cooled dimethyl ether reactor and passing the feed stock through the reaction zone; c) introducing a cooling gas stream into a cooling space within the gas cooled dimethyl ether reactor; d) reacting the feed stock in the reaction zone in presence of a catalyst being active in the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether to obtain a reactor effluent comprising dimethyl ether.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of dimethyl ether comprising the steps of: a) providing a methanol containing feed stock; b) introducing the feed stock into a reaction zone within a gas cooled dimethyl ether reactor and passing the feed stock through the reaction zone; c) introducing a cooling gas stream into a cooling space within the gas cooled dimethyl ether reactor; d) reacting the feed stock in the reaction zone in presence of a catalyst being active in the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether to obtain a reactor effluent comprising dimethyl ether.

Abstract: Process for the production of ammonia from a hydrocarbon feedstock all steam produced in the waste heat boilers of the reforming and ammonia section of the plant is superheated in one or more steam superheaters located downstream the ammonia converter in the ammonia section of the plant. There is no need for steam superheater (s) in the reforming section of the plant to cool the synthesis gas. A steam superheater for use in the process is also provided. The superheater comprises two compartments in which the first and second compartments are connected in series with respect to the steam flow and in parallel with respect to the process gas flow.

Abstract: Process for the production of ammonia from a hydrocarbon feedstock all steam produced in the waste heat boilers of the reforming and ammonia section of the plant is superheated in one or more steam superheaters located downstream the ammonia converter in the ammonia section of the plant. There is no need for steam superheater (s) in the reforming section of the plant to cool the synthesis gas. A steam superheater for use in the process is also provided. The superheater comprises two compartments in which the first and second compartments are connected in series with respect to the steam flow and in parallel with respect to the process gas flow.

Abstract: Heat exchange process comprising sequential cooling a first fluid by indirect heat exchange with a second fluid and comprising the following steps: introducing the first fluid sequentially into at least two concentric U-tube bundles defining at least a first heating zone and a second heating zone respectively, introducing a second fluid onto the shell side of the U-tube bundles, each heating zone partially separated from the other by a wall, the first heating zone being a colder zone and the second heating zone being a hotter zone, the tube bundle of the first colder heating zone being made of a low alloy steel and the tube bundle of the second hotter heating zone being made of a temperature and corrosion resistant alloy, withdrawing the cooled second fluid and the heated first fluid. The invention also concerns a heat exchanger for use in the above process.

Abstract: A reformer furnace having a cylindrical shell with an open outlet end in bottom of the shell, and a burner surrounded by a wall spaced apart the burner arranged within the shell and spaced apart from inner wall surface of the shell, thereby defining a reformer chamber between the burner wall and inner surface of the shell and a combustion chamber within the wall surrounding the burner. One or more reformer tubes, having an outer tube with a closed end and an open ended inner tube are arranged vertically within the reformer chamber, so that a hot flue gas from the burner circulates with an upward flow in the combustion chamber and a downward flow in the reformer chamber.

Abstract: Process and process unit for the preparation of ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising sequentially primary and secondary catalytic steam reforming of the feedstock in a primary heat exchange steam reformer and in a subsequent secondary reformer, wherein an effluent stream of primary steam reformed gas is heated by indirect heat exchange with a hot product effluent of secondary reformed gas prior to introduction of the primary steam reformed gas into the secondary reformer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ammonia synthesis gas includes supplying a feedstock gas, optionally mixed with a flue gas, to at least one pair of reforming reactors. Each reactor has a process and fuel side and a combustion side. Each pair of reactors is arranged in parallel on the process and fuel side, and in series on the combustion side. A flame temperature in each pair of reactors is controlled by supplying an excess of combustion air to a first reactor of the pair, and oxygen-depleted combustion air to a second reactor of the pair.

Abstract: A method for the in situ installation of catalyst modules in an off-gas channel includes arranging within the channel perpendicular to gas flow direction a fitting frame by mounting elongated panels on walls of the channel, mounting the frame a number of horizontal and vertical suspension panels with a horizontal and vertical interval corresponding to the horizontal and vertical length of a catalyst module, and suspending, in gas tight manner, the catalyst modules on the suspension panels.

Abstract: A screw cap which can be screwed onto the thread of a bottleneck is provided with an outward-projecting collar joined to the cap via shearable links, said shearable links having different flexibility are arranged and formed in such a way that the shearable links of one group can be sheared off only after an angular torsion of the cap relative to the collar which is several times greater than that required for shearing the links of the other group.

Abstract: A two-part delivery outlet closure device for containers, especially for liquids, including a cap part whose end wall is provided with a through bore leading into a recess which has two side walls wherein a rocking lever, which is also provided with an axial through bore, is pivotally mounted by a bearing system including a pair of bearing pins normal to the bores, one on each side thereof, and a pair of latch slots each adapted to receive one pin and open on one side and of narrower width in this region to the diameter of the bearing pin so that the pins are adapted to engage in the slots in the manner of a snap fastening, for which reason at least one part of the device is made of a resilient material, and the bearing pins being arranged in the side walls of the cap part and the latch slots on the lever part.

Abstract: A child-proof closure device for containers has an inner cap for securement on the container neck, and an outer cap rotatable on the inner cap between positions in which dispensing apertures in the caps are respectively aligned, to permit dispensing of the container contents, and covered, to prevent such dispensing. A square control projection on the inner cap is normally engaged with a star-shaped opening in the outer cap in one of positions angularly spaced by 45.degree. to prevent rotation of the outer cap, and can be disengaged for rotation by axial inward pressure to resiliently deform the inner cap. A ring of projections on the outer cap can engage in corresponding depressions or in the dispensing apertures of the inner cap.

Abstract: A fixed fishing rod receiving member is provided with an opposed latch member swingably secured thereto. Spaced hookshaped extensions on the rod receiving member underlie the rods and spaced pins extending toward the rod receiving member and carried by the latch member overlie the rods. A block of resilient material is carried between the hooks and the pins to grasp and cushion the rods within the rack when closed. Lock means are provided to secure the rods in place within the device.