Abstract: A non-volatile memory card is described, which comprises a chronometer powered by an autarkic, card-internal power supply with a long-term energy store. The chronometer is connected to a card internal controller, such that the chronometer can provide the current time to the controller independent of a host system.

Abstract: A mass memory device has a nonvolatile semiconductor memory device that can be accessed via a contact bank using an access device. An auxiliary device can be used to read data stored in the semiconductor memory device without going through the access device.

Abstract: A memory card (1) includes a multiplicity of leads (8), one or more contact elements (9) and a chip (12). The chip (12) is coupled to at least a subset of the leads (8) and has a first contact (13) and a second contact (14). The memory card (1) further includes an antenna (15) placed on the leads (8). The antenna (15) is electrically isolated from the leads (8). The antenna (15) has a first end (16) and a second end (17) and at least one loop. The antenna (15) is configured to one of receive and send electromagnetic waves. The first contact (13) of the chip (12) is coupled to the first end (16) of the antenna (15) and the second contact (14) of the chip (12) is coupled to the second end (17) of the antenna (15). The leads (8) and the chip (12) and the antenna (15) are molded and a surface of the contact elements (9) is exposed.

Abstract: The non-volatile memory, especially a flash-memory card, is provided with a controller circuit and a non-volatile memory, one of which comprises a counter which keeps a record of the number of write/read cycles, which is displayed to the user. This card enables the adaptation of the non-volatile memory to various applications and different requirements as to the number of specified write/read cycles.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory card is described, which comprises a chronometer powered by an autarkic, card-internal power supply with a long-term energy store. The chronometer is connected to a card internal controller, such that the chronometer can provide the current time to the controller independent of a host system.

Abstract: A data carrier having a non-volatile electronic memory for holding large volumes of data and a microcontroller suitable for performing cryptographic operations. Access to the memory is possible only via the microcontroller. The data carrier is characterized in that, before data are stored in the memory, the user is authenticated for a data source using the microcontroller.

Abstract: A thermionic hairpin cathode with a long operating life is made of a high melting metal wire, in which the temperature distribution along the legs is influenced either by locally increasing the radiation at a distance of 10 to 50% of the leg length from the crown or by decreasing the radiation in the immediate vicinity of the crown without changing the wire legs, possibly also by combining both measures, so that by increasing the temperature gradient in the crown region the maximum temperature is shifted close to or at the emission center.

Abstract: Improved anchoring of heating elements of a resistance heater to thermally stressed single crystals is achieved by embedding the individual heating element in a recess in the single crystal and permanently joining this to the heating element by a porous sintered composition. The sintered composition is formed by the heat treatment of a suspension that in addition to other components, contains material with the same chemical composition in powdered form as that of the single crystal.

Abstract: To reduce the time for regenerating self-contained cryopumps a direct connection is provided during the defrosting operation between the associated expansion space and the high-pressure gas source of the cryogenerator, to heat up the low-temperature condensation surface, while the cryogenerator continues to operate. The application is particularly to multi-stage self-contained cryopumps.

Abstract: A regenerative, thermodynamic cyclic process for refrigerating machines employing a high-speed compressor. During an expansion phase, a gaseous coolant is pumped by this compressor directly out of a working volume and transferred, under compression, into an intermediate tank or into a second working volume, and during a following compression phase, the coolant is pumped by the compressor out of the intermediate tank or the second working volume, while using a reversing valve actuated to operate in synchronism with a displacer movement, and returned to the first working volume of the refrigerating machine. The expended compression work is thus recovered.

Abstract: A high vacuum valve comprises a casing having a valve inlet port and a va outlet port connected to the inlet port with a valve seat defined between the inlet and outlet ports. The casing also defines a valve movement passageway and a valve member is movable in the housing along the passageway between a position in which it is aligned with the valve seat for closing the valve and one in which it is out of alignment with the seat to open the valve. The valve member includes two separate relatively movable plate parts both of which move along the passageway together and one of which is movable when the valve member is aligned with the valve seat so as to move into engagement with the seat.

Abstract: In metal-to-metal sealed high vacuum valves, a parallel motion of the sealing faces relative to each other is to be prevented, to avoid damaging of the faces during their mutual contact. This is obtained by means of a cup spring type shutoff member having a sealing face on its periphery, cooperating with the inner edge of a second conically shaped annular spring element as the opposite sealing face. The flexural stiffnesses and lever arm lengths in the radial direction of the two spring elements are to be approximately equal to each other. To ensure that the spring elements can perform their motion only in the direction of normals to the sealing faces, a guide cone having an engaging portion is advantageously provided.

Abstract: The vacuum treating device, comprises a housing defining an interior treatment chamber which is connected to a pump for evacuating the chamber. The carrier for holding a product is mounted within the housing in opposition to a holder for the material which is to be vaporized to form a coating. The support structure is mounted within the housing at a spaced location from each of the walls thereof and it provides means for supporting a heatable foil material. In addition, a heater is provided for heating the foil which is located between the foil and the corresponding wall and advantageously comprises a heater which is heatable by an electric current. The heater may be a device, for example, which produces a gas discharge using an electrode. The construction includes an interior frame having posts for supporting the electrical heater and provisions for supporting the foil which advantageously comprises individual magnets which are positioned over the metal frame.

Abstract: A rotary displacement pump comprising a casing including a cylindrical in surface defining a stator chamber with an inlet and an outlet connected thereto. A cylindrical displacement body is movably mounted within the stator chamber having an outer surface which is movable into close association with the cylindrical inner surface along a line. A shaft is provided with an eccentric connected to the displacement body with a bearing to eccentrically move the displacement body within the stator chamber and move the line of close association in a circular path within the stator chamber. Gas tight spring bodies are connected between the displacement body and the casing for preventing rotation of the displacement body with respect to the casing and the displacement body is provided with first and second slide sealing members for dividing the stator chamber into an inlet base and an outlet base.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multiple stage cryogenerator including a cryopump system in which a thermally conductive bridge between a pumping assembly and a low temperature stage is somewhat lengthened in order to reduce the length of a conductive bridge between a higher temperature stage and a radiation shield for the pumping assembly. The thermal gains produced by reducing the length of the latter bridge outweighs considerably the thermal losses caused by lengthening the first bridge so as to substantially improve the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

Abstract: A vacuum apparatus for treating articles, particularly a vacuum evaporator, for applying coatings of material onto articles, such as lenses, comprises a housing which defines an interior treatment chamber. The chamber includes a support means for supporting a substance to be evaporated which includes means for electrically heating the substance located at a bottom wall and which includes an opposite top wall which carries a support for the article to be coated or treated. A foil material capable of being electrically heated is supported in the housing in spaced location from the side and the top walls at least and it is held in position by clamping elements which provide means for connecting the foil to an electrical supply source for supplying a heating current.