Abstract: A zirconium-based mixed oxide or zirconium-based mixed hydroxide which is capable of (a) at least 90% v/v conversion of naphthalene at atmospheric pressure at a temperature in the range 600-700° C. using a residence time of about 0.3 seconds, and/or (b) providing an initial heat of adsorption of ammonia of greater than 150 kJ/mol when measured by ammonia flowing gas microcalorimetry. Also, a method for purifying gas produced from the gasification of carbonaceous materials, comprising the step of bringing the gas into contact with such mixed oxides or mixed hydroxides.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for dimerizing olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock, to hydrocarbon compositions and to fuel components produced by the process. According to the invention, fresh olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is fed to a reaction zone of a system including at least one reaction zone and at least one distillation zone. The olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock is contacted with an acidic catalyst in the presence of an oxygenate at conditions in which at least a part of the olefins dimerizes. The effluent from the reaction zone is conducted to the distillation zone where dimerized reaction product is separated from effluent, and at least one flow comprising oxygenate is withdrawn from the side of at least one distillation column. The flow is circulated from distillation zone back to dimerization. The reaction mixture is recovered and optionally hydrogenated to form a parafinic reaction product.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process and an apparatus for producing ether and the use of a dimerised reaction product as the olefinic feedstock in etherification. According to the present process alcohol and C8-C12 olefin(s) are fed to a first reaction zone (21-25) comprising at least one reactor, the olefin(s) and alcohol are subjected to an etherification reaction in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The effluent from the first reaction zone (21-25) is fed to a fractionation zone (26). From the fractionation zone (26) is withdrawn a side-flow which is conducted either back to the first reaction zone (21-25) or to a second reaction zone. The effluent of the first reaction zone (21-25) or the second reaction zone is circulated back to the fractionation zone (26), and the ether is recovered from the fractionation zone (26).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and to an apparatus for preparing a heterogeneous catalyst having at least one catalytically active species bound to the surface of a support material. According to the process, the surface of the support is first pretreated. A catalyst reagent containing the catalytically active species or its precursor is vaporized and the vapor is routed into a reaction chamber where it is brought to interact with the support material. The catalyst reagent not bound to the support is withdrawn from the reaction chamber in gaseous form. If necessary, the species bound to the support is posttreated in order to convert it into a catalytically active form. According to the invention, the amount of catalyst reagent brought into the reaction chamber is at least equal to, preferably in excess of the number of available binding sites on the surface.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for preparing heterogeneous catalysts. According to the method, preparation is carried out under such process conditions in which the bonding of compounds from the gas phase onto the surface of a support material is primarily determined by the properties of the support surface. The constituents contained in the reagent are then selectively bonded to the bonding sites of the support material surface, thus forming stable surface bonds. According to the invention, the number of surface-bond sites available for preparing a stable product with surface bonds is controlled by varying the reaction temperature and/or selecting a suitable reagent. The invention makes it possible to control the metal content of the end product at a predetermined level.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the etherification of olefins. According to the process, an olefin or a mixture of olefins is reacted with an alcohol or a mixture of alcohols in the presence of a catalyst. According to the invention, a catalyst is used which comprises a grafted polymer fiber, there being functional groups attached to the grafted polymer fiber. By means of the invention it is possible to speed up the etherification process of, in particular, heavier ethers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of a catalyst for water gas and hydroformylation reactions, which catalyst includes as active components a ruthenic carbonyl and a heterocyclic base on a solid carrier. The catalyst is formed by one or more successive reactions in which the ruthenic carbonyl is fixed from a gas phase onto the carrier and the heterocyclic base is fixed onto the carrier either from a gas phase in the same was as in the case of the ruthenic carbonyl, or from a solution or melt of the heterocyclic base.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a catalyst system and a process for selectively producing alcohols from olefines and synthesis gas. The catalyst system comprises one or several metal cluster compounds belonging to the cobalt group on an inorganic carrier and an amine of the form NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3, where R.sub.1,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are either hydrogen or an aliphatic or aromatic group containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a procedure for preparing alcohols and aldehydes from alkenes and synthesis gas by a heterogeneous reaction in which the catalyst system is composed of Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 and a heterocyclic base in suspension or absorbed in a fixed carrier.

Abstract: Catalyst for polymerization of .alpha.-olefines, comprising an organoaluminum compound, an electron donor, as well as a solid catalyst component which is obtained when a compound containing magnesium reacts with a titanium halogen compound. A method for producing the catalyst is also provided. The catalyst component is manufactured by reacting with a titanium halogen compound in the presence of an internal electron donor, a solid catalyst component which has been produced by the steps of(a) reacting a magnesium alkyl compound with a chlorinating compound,(b) dissolving the chlorinated magnesium alkyl compound in alcohol, after possible washing,(c) adding into the solution, magnesium silicate which has been calcinated by heating at about 200.degree.-600.degree. C.,(d) adding the mixture obtained in step (c) into a cold medium, to precipitate the magnesium compound into and onto the magnesium silicate carrier, and(e) separating the thus-obtained solid carrier component.

Abstract: Catalyst for polymerization of .alpha.-olefines, comprising an organoaluminum compound, an electron donor, as well as a solid catalyst component which is obtained when a compound containing magensium reacts with a titanium halogen compound. A method for producing the catalyst is also provided. The catalyst component is manufactured by reacting with a titanium halogen compound in the presence of an internal electron donor, a solid catalyst component which has been produced by the steps of(a) reacting a magnesium alkyl compound with a chlorinating compound,(b) dissolving the chlorinated magnesium alkyl compound in alcohol, after possible washing,(c) adding into the solution, magnesium silicate which has been calcinated by heating at about 200.degree.-600.degree. C.,(d) adding the mixture obtained in step (c) into a cold medium, to precipitate the magnesium compound into and onto the magnesium silicate carrier, and(e) separating the thus-obtained solid carrier component.

Abstract: A two step process for producing isobutylene from propylene and synthesis gas. In the first step, propylene is contacted with synthesis gas at elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst system containing a mixture of monometal compounds M.sub.4 (CO).sub.12 and M'.sub.4 (CO).sub.12 and/or bimetal compound M.sub.2 M'.sub.2 (CO).sub.12 where M and M' are different metals of the cobalt group. The alcohol mixture thus-obtained is dehydrated in the second step, to produce a product fraction containing a large amount of isobutylene.

Abstract: A catalyst for directly converting olefins to alcohols by hydroformylation in a single step, the catalys comprising a mixture of two monometal cluster compounds M.sub.4 (CO).sub.12 and M'.sub.4 (CO).sub.12 where M and M' are compounds of the cobalt group.