Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for implementing an array data type of a programming language using various data structures. The disclosed method includes a plurality of implementations in which the array data type may be implemented. The implementations provide an efficient way to retrieve elements from the array, especially in the order they are inserted into the array. The data structures also minimize the computing resources required to manage and access the array. The disclosed technique also selects one of the many implementations based on criteria such as access pattern or size of the array.

Abstract: Scripts are incrementally compiled at runtime to generate executable code. The incremental compilation generates executable code corresponding to a basic block of the script. The executable code for a basic block of script is generated for a set of types of variables of the basic block resulting from execution of the script in response to a request. The generated executable code is stored and executed for subsequent requests if these requests result in the same types of variables for the basic block. The incremental compilation of the script is performed in a lazy fashion, such that executable code is not generated for combinations of types of variables of the script code that are not obtained from requests received at runtime. The script may dynamically generate portions of a web page that is returned in response to a request for execution of the script.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for implementing an array data type of a programming language using various data structures. The disclosed method includes a plurality of implementations in which the array data type may be implemented. The implementations provide an efficient way to retrieve elements from the array, especially in the order they are inserted into the array. The data structures also minimize the computing resources required to manage and access the array. The disclosed technique also selects one of the many implementations based on criteria such as access pattern or size of the array.

Abstract: The invention provides containers and methods of use for the storage, transportation and preparation of samples, such as DNA samples for analysis. The container is pre-provided with the reagents in sealed chambers. The sample can be introduced and the container manipulated to release the reagents, provide the necessary conditions and give a fully prepared sample. The container can then be engaged with an analysis device to identify characteristics of the sample or perform other operations thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for binding a program object in a source code to one of a number of implementations of the program object, using caching techniques. Binding a program object to a particular implementation includes performing the binding process at compile time and runtime of the source code. During compilation phase, the program objects in the source code are identified, and each of the program objects is assigned a slot in a target cache. The slot is configured to store a pointer that points to a particular implementation of a program object to which the slot is assigned. During execution phase, the particular implementation of the program object is determined based on execution flow of the source code. After the particular implementation is determined, the program object is bound to the particular implementation by updating the assigned target cache slot with a pointer pointing to the particular implementation.

Abstract: Disclosed here are methods, systems, paradigms and structures for deleting shared resources from a cache in a multi-threaded system. The shared resources can be used by a plurality of requests belonging to multiple threads executing in the system. When requests, such as requests for executing script code, and work items, such as work items for deleting a shared resource, are created, a global sequence number is assigned to each of them. The sequence number indicates the order in which the requests and work items are created. A particular work item can be executed to delete the shared resource if there are no requests having a sequence number lesser than that of the particular work item executing in the system. However, if there is at least one request with a sequence number lesser than that of the particular work item executing, the work item is ignored until the request completes executing.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for implementing an array data type of a programming language using various data structures. The disclosed method includes a plurality of implementations in which the array data type may be implemented. The implementations provide an efficient way to retrieve elements from the array, especially in the order they are inserted into the array. The data structures also minimize the computing resources required to manage and access the array. The disclosed technique also selects one of the many implementations based on criteria such as access pattern or size of the array.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for binding a program object in a source code to one of a number of implementations of the program object, using caching techniques. Binding a program object to a particular implementation includes performing the binding process at compile time and runtime of the source code. During compilation phase, the program objects in the source code are identified, and each of the program objects is assigned a slot in a target cache. The slot is configured to store a pointer that points to a particular implementation of a program object to which the slot is assigned. During execution phase, the particular implementation of the program object is determined based on execution flow of the source code. After the particular implementation is determined, the program object is bound to the particular implementation by updating the assigned target cache slot with a pointer pointing to the particular implementation.

Abstract: The invention provides containers and methods of use for the storage, transportation and preparation of samples, such as DNA samples for analysis. The container is pre-provided with the reagents in sealed chambers. The sample can be introduced and the container manipulated to release the reagents, provide the necessary conditions and give a fully prepared sample. The container can then be engaged with an analysis device to identify characteristics of the sample or perform other operations thereon.

Abstract: Scripts are incrementally compiled at runtime to generate executable code. The incremental compilation generates executable code corresponding to a basic block of the script. The executable code for a basic block of script is generated for a set of types of variables of the basic block resulting from execution of the script in response to a request. The generated executable code is stored and executed for subsequent requests if these requests result in the same types of variables for the basic block. The incremental compilation of the script is performed in a lazy fashion, such that executable code is not generated for combinations of types of variables of the script code that are not obtained from requests received at runtime. The script may dynamically generate portions of a web page that is returned in response to a request for execution of the script.

Abstract: A turbomachine system comprises a first turbocharger comprising an exhaust gas flow first turbine for location in an exhaust path and a first compressor driven by said first turbine; a turbomachine for location in the exhaust path upstream or downstream of said first turbocharger and comprising an exhaust gas flow second turbine and a second compressor driven by said second turbine. The first turbine has an outlet that is in fluid communication with an inlet of the second turbine. One of said first and second turbines is a radial outflow turbine. The arrangement provides for a relatively compact package. The radial outflow turbine may have a particular structure in which there is provided a deflector member at or near its inlet for directing the gas outwards, a stator for introducing swirl and a downstream turbine rotor. A shroud is fixed to blades of the turbine rotor to prevent leakage and to provide additional structural rigidity.

Abstract: The invention provides containers and methods of use for the storage, transportation and preparation of samples, such as DNA samples for analysis. The container is pre-provided with the reagents in sealed chambers. The sample can be introduced and the container manipulated to release the reagents, provide the necessary conditions and give a fully prepared sample. The container can then be engaged with an analysis device to identify characteristics of the sample or perform other operations thereon.

Abstract: A method of providing magnetised particles at a location using particles which can be switched between magnetic and non-magnetic states by exposure to a suitable magnetic field. The method comprises conveying the particles in their non-magnetic state to the location; and then exposing the particles to the suitable magnetic field so that they switch to their magnetic state.

Abstract: A turbomachine system comprises a first turbocharger comprising an exhaust gas flow first turbine for location in an exhaust path and a first compressor driven by said first turbine; a turbomachine for location in the exhaust path upstream or downstream of said first turbocharger and comprising an exhaust gas flow second turbine and a second compressor driven by said second turbine. The first turbine has an outlet that is in fluid communication with an inlet of the second turbine. One of said first and second turbines is a radial outflow turbine. The arrangement provides for a relatively compact package. The radial outflow turbine may have a particular structure in which there is provided a deflector member at or near its inlet for directing the gas outwards, a stator for introducing swirl and a downstream turbine rotor. A shroud is fixed to blades of the turbine rotor to prevent leakage and to provide additional structural rigidity.

Abstract: A fuel flow arrangement has a fuel feed line (14) for feeding fuel from a tank (10) to an engine (12) with a fuel injection pump (20) by means of a pump (18), and a fuel return line (16) for returning excess fuel from the engine to the tank. A bypass passage (21) with an orifice (22) provides a communication between the feed and return lines and a flow restriction (24) is provided in the return line. When the fuel pressure created by the pump (18) is low, at low temperatures, fuel entering the return line will be recycled through the orifice (22) to the engine to increase the temperature of the fuel feed to the engine, and at higher temperatures, the flow through the orifice (22) will be reversed.