Abstract: Methods and devices for controlling a morphology of a printed reactive ink are provided. A substrate may be heated and a volume including at least a portion of the substrate may be saturated with at least one of an active ingredient or an inactive ingredient to a humidity level. Such heating and saturation of the volume forms a controlled printing environment. The reactive ink may then be printed onto the portion of the substrate within the controlled printing environment, wherein the morphology of the printed reactive ink is controlled based on the humidity level of the saturated volume and a temperature of the heated portion of the substrate.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes depositing an ink as a liquid strand onto a substrate, transforming the liquid strand to a precursor strand, converting at least a portion of the precursor strand to a nanowire that includes a first metal, and coating the nanowire with a second metal to form a core-shell nanowire having a core and a shell, where at least a portion of the transforming occurs during the depositing, and the core includes the nanowire and the shell includes the second metal.