Abstract: Image display apparatus (2) comprising a spatial light modulator (4), at least one light source (6) for producing a light beam which illuminates a portion of the spatial light modulator (4), light beam redirecting means (8) to redirect the light beam such that all portions of the spatial light modulator (4) are able to be illuminated, first control means for controlling the redirection of the light beam as a function of video data (12) input to the image display apparatus (2), second control means (14) for controlling the spatial light modulator (4) as a function of the video data (12) input to the image display apparatus (2), and third control means for controlling the illumination intensity of the light beam as a function of the video data input to the image display apparatus (2).

Abstract: A vehicle simulator comprising: (i) a real-world vehicle (1) whose controls and instruments are dual-mode such that they can be switched between normal operation and simulated operation; (ii) a retro-reflecting screen (3) which is deployed around and outside windows of a control area (cockpit) of the vehicle (1), which control area is for a person operating the simulator; (iii) an image projector (9) for being mounted on a head or headwear of the operator; (iv) a head position and orientation sensing system (11) mounted on the head or the headwear of the operator; (v) a simulator host computer that receives information from controls of the vehicle (1) and sends information to the controls and to instruments of the vehicle (1) when the vehicle (1) is in a simulation mode; and (vi) an image generator computer (8) that receives data from the simulator host computer regarding the vehicle's simulated position and orientation and that also receives data from the head position and orientation sensing system (11)

Abstract: A vehicle simulator comprising: