Abstract: A combustor 10 for enhancing the combustion of entrained fuel or oil in the exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine is provided. The combustor 10 includes a housing 20 and an expansion chamber 60 inserted into the exhaust stream. The housing 20 forms a cylindrical combustion chamber 27 which is transected by an ignition module 30 with a combustion grill 31. The ignition module 30 includes an insulator ring 40 in which two grates 32, 34 of electrodes 50 are mounted to form the combustion grill 31. The electrodes 50 are elongate rods which extend across the open area of the insulator ring 40 to form multiple chords of varying lengths. The electrodes 50 in each grate 32, 34 are oriented such that their central axes are parallel and substantially coplanar to adjacent electrodes 50 within the same grate 32, 34.

Abstract: Combustion products having water vapor mixed therewith are conducted along a helical path by a heat transfer conduit in surrounding relation to a cylindrical cooling zone. A blower at one axial end of said cooling zone induces an axial inflow of air that is radially discharged through the gaps between adjacent coil sections of the heat transfer conduit causing condensation of the water and entrainment therein of noxious components of the combustion products. Additional cooling may be provided through an evaporator coil within the cooling zone.

Abstract: Coke logs are fed into a housing through an infeed opening at a regulated rate to control the particle size to which the coke is reduced by comminution in response rotation of a bladed rotor operatively positioned adjacent to the infeed opening. Water injected under pressure into the housing forms a slurry with the coke particles discharged from a bottom outlet opening of the housing.

Abstract: Coal converted to coke and ground into particulate form, is mixed with an aqua regia solution resulting in a slurry from which solid matter settles out and volatiles are withdrawn. The pH value of the aqua regia solution is so modified by dilution to control reactions within the slurry resulting in a liquid phase that is suitable as a battery electrolyte.

Abstract: Particulate coke and raw sewage are mixed and conveyed as a slurry through series connected, pressure sealed chambers into which super-heated steam is injected to convert the mixture into a molten mass depleted of noxious gases and volatiles. The molten mass is compacted while exposed to reactive hydrogen gas to form an enriched solid fuel log.

Abstract: Aqueous sewage is conducted in series through two filter beds with which the sewage reacts within settling tanks. The tanks are charged with particulate coke formed from the coking of a high sulphur coal with steam. The gaseous products of the coking operation are fed to one of the settling tanks within which an electric field is established to electrically charge the filter bed.

Abstract: Molten coke forming material is processed by infeed through sealing gates to an elongated housing within which it is mixed, cooled and compacted into a solid mass. When sufficiently hardened, the compacted mass is expelled from the housing. A gas may be injected into that zone of the housing within which the material undergoes mixing while in a molten state.