Abstract: This disclosure presents a method that utilizes the seismic image of the near-surface formation to estimate an effective velocity field equivalent to the unknown true velocity field of the soil column, such that the statics shifts derived from the effective velocity field are essentially the same as the statics shifts that would have been computed using the unknown true velocity field. The effective velocity field derived statics shifts can be used to correct distortions caused by the near-surface formation and restore the sesimic image of the subsurface formation.

Abstract: A seismic sensor unit includes a sensor housing including an inner chamber and a receiver extension for ground coupling, a suspension fluid disposed in the inner chamber, and a hydrophone suspended in the suspension fluid. The seismic sensor unit may include a sensor housing including a steel spike coupled to the ground, a fluid chamber in the sensor housing, a fluid in the fluid chamber, and a hydrophone disposed in the fluid chamber and contacting the fluid such as to detect a pressure wavefield in the fluid caused by ground motion acting on the steel spike. A method includes receiving ground motion at a seismic sensor unit coupled to the ground, transmitting the ground motion to a fluid chamber, creating a pressure wavefield in a fluid in the fluid chamber in response to the ground motion, and detecting the pressure wavefield in the fluid using a hydrophone.

Abstract: This disclosure presents a method that utilizes the seismic image of the near-surface formation to estimate an effective velocity field equivalent to the unknown true velocity field of the soil column, such that the statics shifts derived from the effective velocity field are essentially the same as the statics shifts that would have been computed using the unknown true velocity field. The effective velocity field derived statics shifts can be used to correct distortions caused by the near-surface formation and restore the sesimic image of the subsurface formation.