Abstract: Non-negative contributions to a spectrum from time-varying spectroscopy data can be determined. Reference basis functions can transform spectroscopy data into an equation (e.g., an objective function). Each reference basis function can correspond to a different time and a different particle, e.g., a different mass. The objective function can include a noise vector that modifies the spectroscopy data to provide a solution that is constrained to be non-negative. The noise vector can be estimated by minimizing the objective function to obtain an estimated vector, which can be truncated that satisfies a given constraint. The noise vector can be computed from the difference of the estimated vector and the truncated vector, and be accumulated. The noise vector can be used to update the objective function, thereby providing a new estimated vector in an iterative loop.

Abstract: Integrating a plurality of security imaging units for an airport security checkpoint into networked common workstations, including: scanning items with a first security imaging unit at a primary inspection area, wherein the first security imaging unit is coupled to a first networked common workstation; displaying the scanned items as a displayed image on a display of the first networked common workstation located at the primary inspection area; re-scanning the items with a second security imaging unit coupled to the first networked common workstation when a possible concealment is observed, wherein the first networked common workstation includes a conversion unit which converts outputs of the first and second security imaging units into a common format for the displayed image; routing the displayed image to a second networked common workstation located at a secondary inspection area when the possible concealment is observed, wherein the secondary inspection area is remote from the primary inspection area.

Abstract: Dual-energy backscatter x-ray shoe scanning including: pre-processing input image information received from a shoe scanning device and image calibration data received from a database to output an atomic number image; detecting at least one suspect region based off the atomic number image; identifying the at least one detected suspect region as an object class using a changeable list of attributes; and classifying the object class according to a changeable list of categories.

Abstract: Detecting characteristics of a test subject at a checkpoint. Embodiments may include exposing a single test subject to electromagnetic radiation at a security checkpoint. They may further include determining how the electromagnetic radiation interacts with different portions of the single test subject. They may further include determining different material properties for the different portions of the single test subject by examining how the electromagnetic radiation interacts with the different portions of the single test subject. They may further include providing an indication of the different material properties of the different portions of the single test subject, wherein providing an indication of the different material properties of the different portions of the single test subject comprises distinguishing between different material properties.

Abstract: A portable backscatter advanced imaging technology scanner with automated threat or target recognition including: a floor assembly having a cantilever drive assembly for rotating the floor assembly, the floor assembly being able to be partitioned into multiple parts for reassembly; at least one x-ray tube oriented towards selected sides of a test subject; a detector assembly oriented on the circumference of the floor assembly, the detector assembly being able to partitioned into multiple parts for reassembly; a storage unit to store images from detected scattered photons on the detector assembly; and a processing unit to detect, identify and classify concealed objects on the test subject.

Abstract: A system for tracking tumors during radiotherapy for interleaving treatment pulses with imaging pulses is disclosed. The system includes a multisource scanning eBeam X-ray tube having a plurality of focal spots. The X-ray tube is configured to emit X-rays in a plurality of different locations on a target by sequentially emitting the X-rays to the focal spots in the plurality of focal spots. This is done such that the X-rays can be emitted to the plurality of different locations without substantially moving the X-ray tube or the target. The system further includes an imager panel configured to act as the target and configured to receive the X-rays from the focal spots of the X-ray tube. The system further includes a tomosynthesis reconstruction module configured to process output from the imager panel to construct an image.

Abstract: A computed tomography (CT) apparatus including: an X-ray source configured to direct X-rays toward a detector assembly; a dynamic beam collimator fixed in space and configured to dynamically limit an X-ray beam directed toward an object of interest, the dynamic beam collimator including a plurality of leaflets to block a cone beam of X-rays impinging upon the dynamic beam collimator, wherein a subset of the plurality of leaflets opens and closes to block or allow a portion of the cone beam of X-rays to reduce or increase a solid angle of the cone beam, wherein the cone beam of X-rays with the reduced solid angle is directed toward a predetermined portion of the object of interest; and the detector assembly configured to detect the directed cone beam of X-rays on a side opposite to the X-ray source.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for implementing an integrated data visualization interface for multi-dimensional microscopy image and measurement data are disclosed. The integrated data visualization interface utilizes the known dimensional relational relationships between the images to automatically provide synchronized and coordinated visualization and manipulations across multiple related images and measurement data in multiple dataset viewer components (e.g., image grids, browsable image strips, tables, and graphs). Other features of the dataset viewer components are also disclosed.

Abstract: Phenoxy carboxylic acid compounds and compositions for the delivery of active agents are provided. Methods of administration and preparation are provided as well.

Abstract: The present invention is related to hydrocarbon compositions comprising butanol that have substantially the same or improved performance properties than comparable hydrocarbon compositions comprising ethanol and to methods for identifying such compositions.

Abstract: A vendor and scanner independent common workstation (CW) for security, as discussed above, including the abilities to: plug into any existing, past or future scanners; utilize expedited bag-check, bag-search and remote monitor/view features; and scroll the display of the CW so that the “re-scan” operation may not necessarily be performed on the CW display, for instance.

Abstract: The present invention provides an expression vector for preventing or inhibiting HIV entry, fusion or replication in mammalian cells. In particular, the invention provides a recombinant retroviral vector that encodes an inhibitor of a HIV co-receptor, such as CCR5 or CXCR4, and a protein that inhibits HIV fusion to target cells and/or HIV replication. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising such constructs and methods of use thereof to prevent or treat HIV infection in a patient are also disclosed.

Abstract: Dual-energy backscatter x-ray shoe scanning including: pre-processing input image information received from a shoe scanning device and image calibration data received from a database to output an atomic number image; detecting at least one suspect region based off the atomic number image; identifying the at least one detected suspect region as an object class using a changeable list of attributes; and classifying the object class according to a changeable list of categories.

Abstract: A portable backscatter advanced imaging technology scanner with automated threat or target recognition including: a floor assembly having a cantilever drive assembly for rotating the floor assembly, the floor assembly being able to be partitioned into multiple parts for reassembly; at least one x-ray tube oriented towards selected sides of a test subject; a detector assembly oriented on the circumference of the floor assembly, the detector assembly being able to partitioned into multiple parts for reassembly; a storage unit to store images from detected scattered photons on the detector assembly; and a processing unit to detect, identify and classify concealed objects on the test subject.

Abstract: A property of a treatment beam is controlled during a scanning period. A portion of a region is exposed to an imaging x-ray beam during a scanning period, the imaging x-ray beam being generated by an electron-beam scanner. X-ray radiation from the region is detected, the x-ray radiation representing an attenuation of the imaging x-ray beam caused by the portion of the region. A first image of the portion of the region is generated based on the detected x-ray radiation. A characteristic of the portion of the region is determined from the generated first image. An input derived from the characteristic is generated, the input configured to cause a source of a treatment beam to modify a property of the treatment beam. The source of the treatment beam modifies a property of the treatment beam during the scanning period by providing the input to the source of the treatment beam.

Abstract: A property of a treatment beam is controlled during a scanning period. A portion of a region is exposed to an imaging x-ray beam during a scanning period, the imaging x-ray beam being generated by an electron-beam scanner. X-ray radiation from the region is detected, the x-ray radiation representing an attenuation of the imaging x-ray beam caused by the portion of the region. A first image of the portion of the region is generated based on the detected x-ray radiation. A characteristic of the portion of the region is determined from the generated first image. An input derived from the characteristic is generated, the input configured to cause a source of a treatment beam to modify a property of the treatment beam. The source of the treatment beam modifies a property of the treatment beam during the scanning period by providing the input to the source of the treatment beam.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method and apparatus for use in diagnosing temporomandibular disorders. The apparatus includes separate maxillary and mandibular appliances, which are sized and configured to fit over and be retained on a subject's incisors. The two appliances both include generally flat, T-shaped platforms that face each other in a confronting relationship for all possible mandibular movements, including excursive movement and protrusive/retrusive movement. When properly fitted on the subject's opposing incisors, the two appliances effectively prevent contact between the subject's opposing upper and lower teeth, including the posterior and canine teeth, and thereby reduce the intensity of clenching of the temporalis muscles. The apparatus thereby can be used to provide an inexpensive way for determining whether an intraoral discluder of this kind will be effective in relieving tension headaches, common migraine headaches, or other temporomandibular disorders.

Abstract: An multipurpose mouthpiece assembly is disclosed for use in diagnosing and treating a variety of termporomandibular disorders. The assembly can include both a maxillary appliance and a mandibular appliance that are optionally configurable to function as a discluder, for diagnosing and treating wearers suffering from bruxism, tension headaches, and common migraine headaches, by preventing contact between opposing canine and posterior teeth and thereby reducing the intensity of clenching of the wearer's temporalis muscles. Alternatively, the two appliances are optionally configurable for use as a mandibular advancement device, for diagnosing and treating wearers suffering from obstructive sleep apnea by preventing excessive retrusion of the wearer's mandible. Alternatively, either the maxillary appliance or the mandibular appliance can be used individually to protect the teeth from nocturnal asymptomatic teeth grinding.

Abstract: A semi-custom intraoral discluder device for preventing chronic tension and common migraine headaches and temporomandibular disorders that are caused or perpetuated by chronic activity of the temporalis muscle. The discluder includes a trough, contoured to encompass at least one maxillary or mandibular incisor, from which extends a protrusion, typically of a dome shape. The trough can be retained on the teeth by any adaptable material which can flow around the teeth and then maintain its shape. The adaptation of the retentive material can be performed by the end user, health care provider, or anyone trained in the art. Once in place in the wearer's mouth, one or two opposing incisor teeth will come into contact with the protrusion prior to the upper and lower posterior and/or canine teeth coming into contact, regardless of the position of the mandible, thereby reducing the intensity of the activity of the temporalis muscle.