Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining the TBN of a used lubricating oil by measuring with a single device at least one element, such as sulfur, and correlating the measured amount to the oil's TBN. Preferably, a spectroscopic device is used to make the measurement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for measuring a lubricant's total basicity by measuring one or more preselected infrared absorption bands of a lubricant and correlating the measured bands to the basicity. Preferably, the measured bands are due to carbonate or sulfate species in the lubricant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for measuring a lubricant's total basicity by measuring one or more preselected infrared absorption bands of a lubricant and correlating the measured bands to the basicity. Preferably, the measured bands are due to carbonate or sulfate species in the lubricant.

Abstract: A mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising ethylbenzene and at least one xylene, is treated to convert the ethylbenzene to compounds that may be removed from the aromatic hydrocarbon stream and to isomerize any xylenes present. The ethylbenzene conversion catalyst is one that is effective for ethylbenzene conversion with minimal xylene loss, e.g., a silica bound intermediate pore size zeolite that has been selectivated. The xylene isomerization catalyst is one which is effective to catalyze xylene isomerization. Each of the catalysts of this invention may contain one or more hydrogenation or dehydrogenation components.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the net catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to produce alkenes. The process involves simultaneous equilibrium dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes and combustion of the hydrogen formed to drive the equilibrium dehydrogenation reaction further to the product alkenes. In the present reaction, the alkane feed is dehydrogenated over an equilbrium dehydrogenation catalyst in a first reactor, and the effluent from the first reactor is then passed into a second reactor containing a reducible metal oxide which serves to selectively combust hydrogen in an oxidation/reduction (REDOX) reaction. This particular mode of operation is termed a separate reactor, REDOX mode.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the net catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to produce alkenes. The process involves simultaneous equilibrium dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes and combustion of the hydrogen formed to drive the equilibrium dehydrogenation reaction further to the product alkenes. In the present reaction, the alkane feed is passed into a reactor containing both an equilibrium dehydrogenation catalyst and a reducible metal oxide, whereby the alkane is dehydrogenated and the hydrogen produced is simultaneously and selectively combusted in oxidation/ reduction (REDOX) reaction with the reducible metal oxide. This particular mode of operation is termed a same reactor, REDOX mode. The equilibrium dehydrogenation catalyst may comprise platinum and the reducible metal oxide may contain bismuth, antimony, indium, or molybdenum, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the net catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to produce alkenes. The process involves simultaneous equilibrium dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes and combustion of the hydrogen formed to drive the equilibrium dehydrogenation reaction further to the product alkenes. In the present reaction, the alkane feed is dehydrogenated over an equilbrium dehydrogenation catalyst in a first reactor, and the effluent from the first reactor, along with oxygen, is then passed into a second reactor containing a metal oxide catalyst which serves to selectively catalyze the combustion of hydrogen. This particular mode of operation is termed a separate reactor, cofed oxygen mode. The equilibrium dehydrogenation catalyst may comprise platinum and the selective metal oxide combustion catalyst may contain bismuth, antimony, indium, molybdenum, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the net catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes to produce alkenes. The process involves simultaneous equilibrium dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes and combustion of the hydrogen formed to drive the equilibrium dehydrogenation reaction further to the product alkenes. In the present reaction, the alkane feed is dehydrogenated over an equilbrium dehydrogenation catalyst in a first reactor, and the effluent from the first reactor is then passed into a second reactor containing a reducible metal oxide which serves to selectively combust hydrogen in an oxidation/reduction (REDOX) reaction. This particular mode of operation is termed a separate reactor, REDOX mode.