Abstract: A medical implant includes an implant component configured to be implanted in a patient, an electrode array, an energy storage device, a wireless communication interface, and implant circuitry. The electrode array includes sensor electrodes spaced apart on the implant component. The energy storage device, wireless communication interface, and implant circuitry are inside the implant component. The wireless communication interface is configured to communicate with a wireless receiver that is separate from the medical implant. The implant circuitry is operative to supply voltage to at least one of the sensor electrodes to measure electrical and/or chemical characteristics associated with when a biofilm is forming on the implant component, and communicate signaling indicating the electrical and/or chemical characteristics through the wireless communication interface.

Abstract: A medical implant includes an implant component configured to be implanted in a patient, an electrode array, an energy storage device, a wireless communication interface, and implant circuitry. The electrode array includes sensor electrodes spaced apart on the implant component. The energy storage device, wireless communication interface, and implant circuitry are inside the implant component. The wireless communication interface is configured to communicate with a wireless receiver that is separate from the medical implant. The implant circuitry is operative to supply voltage to at least one of the sensor electrodes to measure electrical and/or chemical characteristics associated with when a biofilm is forming on the implant component, and communicate signaling indicating the electrical and/or chemical characteristics through the wireless communication interface.

Abstract: System and method of registering a medical image of a patient in an imaging space to the patient in a physical space preferably without the use of any embedded radiopaque fiducials in medical images is provided. In one way, intra-op 2D medical images are used to register a pre-op unregistered 3D medical image. The 2D medical images are registered based on simultaneous tracking of the tracking markers on the imaging device and on the patient by a tracking device at the time of image capture. The 2D images are matched to corresponding simulated 2D images generated from the pre-op 3D image volume. Thus, registration of a pre-op 3D image to the patient is accomplished without performing another 3D scan of the patient.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for a robot-assisted surgery. Navigable instrumentation, which are capable of being navigated by a surgeon using the surgical robot system, and navigation software allow for the navigated placement of interbody fusion devices or other surgical devices. The interbody implant navigation may involve navigation of access instruments (e.g., dilators, retractors, ports), disc preparation instruments, trials, and inserters.

Abstract: A medical implant includes an implant component configured to be implanted in a patient, an electrode array, an energy storage device, and a power management unit. The electrode array includes at least two electrodes spaced apart on the implant component. The energy storage device and power management unit are inside the implant component. The power management unit is operative to control electrical stimulation of the electrode array by current supplied by the energy storage device to be at a level which at least reduces formation of a biofilm on at least part of the implant component while implanted in the patient.

Abstract: A medical implant includes an implant component configured to be implanted in a patient, an electrode array, an energy storage device, and a power management unit. The electrode array includes at least two electrodes spaced apart on the implant component. The energy storage device and power management unit are inside the implant component. The power management unit is operative to control electrical stimulation of the electrode array by current supplied by the energy storage device to be at a level which at least reduces formation of a biofilm on at least part of the implant component while implanted in the patient.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for a robot-assisted surgery. Navigable instrumentation, which are capable of being navigated by a surgeon using the surgical robot system, and navigation software allow for the navigated placement of interbody fusion devices or other surgical devices. The interbody implant navigation may involve navigation of access instruments (e.g., dilators, retractors, ports), disc preparation instruments, trials, and inserters.

Abstract: Surgical robot systems, anatomical structure tracker apparatuses, and US transducer apparatuses are disclosed. A surgical robot system includes a robot, a US transducer, and at least one processor. The robot includes a robot base, a robot arm coupled to the robot base, and an end-effector coupled to the robot arm. The end-effector is configured to guide movement of a surgical instrument. The US transducer is coupled to the end-effector and operative to output US imaging data of anatomical structure proximately located to the end-effector. The least one processor is operative to obtain an image volume for the patient and to track pose of the end-effector relative to anatomical structure captured in the image volume based on the US imaging data.

Abstract: System and method of registering a medical image of a patient in an imaging space to the patient in a physical space preferably without the use of any embedded radiopaque fiducials in medical images is provided. In one way, intra-op 2D medical images are used to register a pre-op unregistered 3D medical image. The 2D medical images are registered based on simultaneous tracking of the tracking markers on the imaging device and on the patient by a tracking device at the time of image capture. The 2D images are matched to corresponding simulated 2D images generated from the pre-op 3D image volume. Thus, registration of a pre-op 3D image to the patient is accomplished without performing another 3D scan of the patient.

Abstract: System and method of registering a medical image of a patient in an imaging space to the patient in a physical space preferably without the use of any embedded radiopaque fiducials in medical images is provided. In one way, intra-op 2D medical images are used to register a pre-op unregistered 3D medical image. The 2D medical images are registered based on simultaneous tracking of the tracking markers on the imaging device and on the patient by a tracking device at the time of image capture. The 2D images are matched to corresponding simulated 2D images generated from the pre-op 3D image volume. Thus, registration of a pre-op 3D image to the patient is accomplished without performing another 3D scan of the patient.

Abstract: System and method of registering a medical image of a patient in an imaging space to the patient in a physical space preferably without the use of any embedded radiopaque fiducials in medical images is provided. In one way, intra-op 2D medical images are used to register a pre-op unregistered 3D medical image. The 2D medical images are registered based on simultaneous tracking of the tracking markers on the imaging device and on the patient by a tracking device at the time of image capture. The 2D images are matched to corresponding simulated 2D images generated from the pre-op 3D image volume. Thus, registration of a pre-op 3D image to the patient is accomplished without performing another 3D scan of the patient.

Abstract: System and method of registering a medical image of a patient in an imaging space to the patient in a physical space preferably without the use of any embedded radiopaque fiducials in medical images is provided. In one way, intra-op 2D medical images are used to register a pre-op unregistered 3D medical image. The 2D medical images are registered based on simultaneous tracking of the tracking markers on the imaging device and on the patient by a tracking device at the time of image capture. The 2D images are matched to corresponding simulated 2D images generated from the pre-op 3D image volume. Thus, registration of a pre-op 3D image to the patient is accomplished without performing another 3D scan of the patient.

Abstract: Surgical robot systems, anatomical structure tracker apparatuses, and US transducer apparatuses are disclosed. A surgical robot system includes a robot, a US transducer, and at least one processor. The robot includes a robot base, a robot arm coupled to the robot base, and an end-effector coupled to the robot arm. The end-effector is configured to guide movement of a surgical instrument. The US transducer is coupled to the end-effector and operative to output US imaging data of anatomical structure proximately located to the end-effector. The least one processor is operative to obtain an image volume for the patient and to track pose of the end-effector relative to anatomical structure captured in the image volume based on the US imaging data.

Abstract: Surgical robot systems, anatomical structure tracker apparatuses, and US transducer apparatuses are disclosed. A surgical robot system includes a robot, a US transducer, and at least one processor. The robot includes a robot base, a robot arm coupled to the robot base, and an end-effector coupled to the robot arm. The end-effector is configured to guide movement of a surgical instrument. The US transducer is coupled to the end-effector and operative to output US imaging data of anatomical structure proximately located to the end-effector. The least one processor is operative to obtain an image volume for the patient and to track pose of the end-effector relative to anatomical structure captured in the image volume based on the US imaging data.

Abstract: A retractor mounting assembly including an end-effector having a body extending between first and second faces. The first face is configured for attachment to an interface plate on the robotic arm of a surgical robot. The second face defines an arm mount. An arm extending between first and second ends with the first end configured for attachment to the end-effector arm mount and the second end providing a retractor mount configured for supportive attachment of a retractor.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for a robot-assisted surgery. Navigable instrumentation, which are capable of being navigated by a surgeon using the surgical robot system, and navigation software allow for the navigated placement of interbody fusion devices or other surgical devices. The interbody implant navigation may involve navigation of access instruments (e.g., dilators, retractors, ports), disc preparation instruments, trials, and inserters.

Abstract: Surgical robot systems, anatomical structure tracker apparatuses, and US transducer apparatuses are disclosed. A surgical robot system includes a robot, a US transducer, and at least one processor. The robot includes a robot base, a robot arm coupled to the robot base, and an end-effector coupled to the robot arm. The end-effector is configured to guide movement of a surgical instrument. The US transducer is coupled to the end-effector and operative to output US imaging data of anatomical structure proximately located to the end-effector. The least one processor is operative to obtain an image volume for the patient and to track pose of the end-effector relative to anatomical structure captured in the image volume based on the US imaging data.

Abstract: Surgical robot systems, anatomical structure tracker apparatuses, and US transducer apparatuses are disclosed. A surgical robot system includes a robot, a US transducer, and at least one processor. The robot includes a robot base, a robot arm coupled to the robot base, and an end-effector coupled to the robot arm. The end-effector is configured to guide movement of a surgical instrument. The US transducer is coupled to the end-effector and operative to output US imaging data of anatomical structure proximately located to the end-effector. The least one processor is operative to obtain an image volume for the patient and to track pose of the end-effector relative to anatomical structure captured in the image volume based on the US imaging data.

Abstract: Surgical robot systems, anatomical structure tracker apparatuses, and US transducer apparatuses are disclosed. A surgical robot system includes a robot, a US transducer, and at least one processor. The robot includes a robot base, a robot arm coupled to the robot base, and an end-effector coupled to the robot arm. The end-effector is configured to guide movement of a surgical instrument. The US transducer is coupled to the end-effector and operative to output US imaging data of anatomical structure proximately located to the end-effector. The least one processor is operative to obtain an image volume for the patient and to track pose of the end-effector relative to anatomical structure captured in the image volume based on the US imaging data.

Abstract: A retractor mounting assembly including an end-effector having a body extending between first and second faces. The first face is configured for attachment to an interface plate on the robotic arm of a surgical robot. The second face defines an arm mount. An arm extending between first and second ends with the first end configured for attachment to the end-effector arm mount and the second end providing a retractor mount configured for supportive attachment of a retractor.