Abstract: A method of producing analgesia in a mammal is provided by intrathecal administration to the mammal of a pharmaceutically effective dose of the opioid receptor-like receptor 1 (ORL-1) agonist (1S,3aS)8-(2,3,3a,4,5,6-hexahydro-IH-phenalen-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaza-spiro[4,5]decan-4-one. Administration may be carried out through use of an implantable apparatus.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of inhibiting tumor cell adhesion, pain, and inflammation at a wound during a surgical procedure by delivering an irrigation solution containing a tumor cell anti-adhesion agent and a plurality of additional agents to an operative site during the surgical procedure. In addition, methods of inhibiting tumor cell attachment and implantation during a surgical procedure as well as inhibiting tumor metastasis during a surgical procedure are also provided.

Abstract: A method and solution for perioperatively inhibiting a variety of pain and inflammation processes at wounds from general surgical procedures including oral/dental procedures. The solution preferably includes at least one pharmacological agent selected from the group consisting of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, an &agr;2-receptor agonist, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, a soluble receptor and mixtures thereof, and optionally additional multiple pain and inflammation inhibitory agents at dilute concentration in a physiologic carrier, such as saline or lactated Ringer's solution. The solution is applied by continuous irrigation of a wound during a surgical procedure for preemptive inhibition of pain and while avoiding undesirable side effects associated with oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous application of larger doses of the agents.