Abstract: A sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) employs doped P2-type phase using novel Na—Mn-Li—O oxide composition with different ions to alleviate the structural deterioration and enhance the electrochemical performance at high voltage. A sodium-ion battery (NIB) exhibits a stoichiometric ratio of sodium, manganese and lithium for a battery cathode, combined and agitated to form a granular mixture in the determined stoichiometric ratio. A doping element is added to the granular mixture, and the granular mixture sintered for a predetermined time and temperature for forming an NIB battery cathode material.

Abstract: A recycling and synthesis of charge material for secondary batteries generates single-crystal charge materials for producing batteries with greater charge cycle longevity. Charge material particles undergo a heating for fusing or enhancing grain boundaries between polycrystalline particles. The resulting, more well-defined grain boundaries are easily etched by a relatively weak mineral acid solution. The acid solution removes material at the grain boundaries to separate secondary particles into primary particles along the grain boundaries. The resulting single crystal (monocrystalline) charge material particles are washed and filtered, and typically re-sintered to accommodate any needed lithium (lithium carbonate), and result in a charge material with larger surface area, higher lithium diffusivity and lower cation ordering.

Abstract: A recycling and synthesis of charge material for secondary batteries generates single-crystal charge materials for producing batteries with greater charge cycle longevity. Charge material particles undergo a heating for fusing or enhancing grain boundaries between polycrystalline particles. The resulting, more well-defined grain boundaries are easily etched by a relatively weak mineral acid solution. The acid solution removes material at the grain boundaries to separate secondary particles into primary particles along the grain boundaries. The resulting single crystal (monocrystalline) charge material particles are washed and filtered, and typically re-sintered to accommodate any needed lithium (lithium carbonate), and result in a charge material with larger surface area, higher lithium diffusivity and lower cation ordering.