Abstract: Systems, methods, and assemblies for forming or employing closed-loop laser-welds are described. Closed-loop laser-welds may be formed by, for example, actuating a laser on a substrate at a first point to initiate a weld and scanning the laser along a starting weld path, along a main weld path, and along an ending weld path. The starting weld path is from the first point to a second point. The main weld path is from the second point to a third point. The ending weld path is from the third point to a fourth point. The laser is scanned from the second point to the third point such that a bead of the main weld path defines an inner perimeter and an outer perimeter. The outer perimeter defines a closed-loop laser weld. The first point and the fourth points are within the inner perimeter.

Abstract: A method of joining overlapping copper workpieces. The method includes overlapping a first copper workpiece with a second copper workpiece such that a plurality of projections on a second faying surface of the second copper workpiece are in contact with the first faying surface of the first copper work piece at a joining location where a metallurgical joint is ultimately established. The method further includes applying a compression force against a first exterior surface of the first copper workpiece and a second exterior surface of the second copper workpiece to urge the faying surfaces together, and passing an electric current at the joining location through the first and the second copper workpieces. The electric current flows through the plurality of projections to generate sufficient heat to effectuate the collapsing of the plurality of projections to bring the first second faying surfaces into contact to establish the metallurgical joint.

Abstract: A differential carrier and ring gear assembly for a vehicle is provided. The assembly comprises a differential carrier, a ring gear, and a weld nugget. The differential carrier comprises an outer surface including a first contact face having a weld end extending to a root end. The first contact face has a first slot formed on a first radial portion thereof. The ring gear is disposed about the differential carrier and comprises an inner side having an inner surface. The inner side has a stop flange abutting the root end. The inner surface comprises a second contact face disposed on the first contact face such that the root end is in abutment with the second end. The first and second hollow channels define a pocket therebetween and the first slot defines a first vent hole for venting. The weld nugget is disposed between the first and second contact faces.

Abstract: A roof structure for an agricultural vehicle includes an upper roof assembly and a lower roof assembly connectable to the upper roof assembly. The lower roof assembly or the upper roof assembly includes a ventilation opening for guiding air-conditioned air and a circulation opening for supplying recirculated air. An air-guiding element is arranged between the lower and upper roof assembly. The air-guiding element is further disposed at the circulation opening and the ventilation opening such that a region sealed in relation to an external environment is formed.

Abstract: A roof structure for an agricultural vehicle includes an upper roof assembly, a lower roof assembly, and an air-conditioning chamber formed in the lower roof assembly. The upper roof assembly is connectable to the lower roof assembly to surround the air-conditioning chamber. An inlet chamber and an outlet chamber for air-conditioned air are provided such that the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber between the lower roof assembly and the upper roof assembly include chambers separated from each other. The structure also includes a circulation opening for supplying recirculated air arranged at the inlet chamber and an air-guiding element arranged in the inlet chamber, at the circulation opening, and at the air-conditioning chamber. A region is sealed in relation to an external environment.

Abstract: A roof structure for an agricultural vehicle includes an upper roof assembly, a lower roof assembly, and an air-conditioning chamber formed in the lower roof assembly. The upper roof assembly is connectable to the lower roof assembly to surround the air-conditioning chamber. An inlet chamber and an outlet chamber for air-conditioned air are provided such that the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber between the lower roof assembly and the upper roof assembly include chambers separated from each other. The structure also includes a circulation opening for supplying recirculated air arranged at the inlet chamber and an air-guiding element arranged in the inlet chamber, at the circulation opening, and at the air-conditioning chamber. A region is sealed in relation to an external environment.

Abstract: A roof structure for an agricultural vehicle includes an upper roof assembly, a lower roof assembly, and an air-conditioning chamber formed in the lower roof assembly. The upper roof assembly is connectable to the lower roof assembly to surround the air-conditioning chamber. An inlet chamber and an outlet chamber for air-conditioned air are provided such that the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber between the lower roof assembly and the upper roof assembly include chambers separated from each other. The structure also includes a circulation opening for supplying recirculated air arranged at the inlet chamber and an air-guiding element arranged in the inlet chamber, at the circulation opening, and at the air-conditioning chamber. A region is sealed in relation to an external environment.

Abstract: A roof structure for an agricultural vehicle includes an upper roof assembly and a lower roof assembly connectable to the upper roof assembly. The lower roof assembly or the upper roof assembly includes a ventilation opening for guiding air-conditioned air and a circulation opening for supplying recirculated air. An air-guiding element is arranged between the lower and upper roof assembly. The air-guiding element is further disposed at the circulation opening and the ventilation opening such that a region sealed in relation to an external environment is formed.

Abstract: A combustor liner for a gas turbine combustor includes a cooling hole formed in the liner that delivers cooling air into a combustion zone of the combustor. A stub is secured in the cooling hole and is structured to provide added stiffness to an inside edge of the cooling hole. The added stiffness reduces cracking caused by thermal fatigue and provides resistance against high cycle fatigue failures at high frequencies.